4 -Genetics variation and independent

Question 1

Give and explain two processes (other than mutation) that lead to genetic variation?

Answer 1

Independent segregation
-Each homologous pair of chromosome is made up of one chromosome from father and one from mother.
-During meiosis I it’s random which chromosome from each pair ends up in which daughter cell.
-Daughter cells produced have different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.This leads to genetic variation in the offspring.

Crossing over
-Homologous pairs line up at the equator in meiosis I. Parts of the chromatids become twisted.
-This caused chromatids to break and broken parts recombine with another chromatid.
-This results in a new combination of alleles.
-Each daughter cell has a different chromatid and set of alleles, which increases genetic variation.

Question 2

Compare and contrast DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.