4) Federalism Flashcards
fed gvt’s power (gen):
limited – only what const gives
state gvt’s power (gen):
police power – ie, can pass laws w/o IDing power source
ways const limits states powers
1) exclusive federal power (things const gives to fed gvt)
2) individual rights (state laws that violate indiv rights are invalid)
3) preemption
preemption: def
supremacy clause – if C has power to regulate in some area, preempts state law.
inc. C can say “no state can regulate”
fed gvt: sovereign immunity
fed gvt can’t be sued w/o consent (so states can’t create liability right against feds)
taxation of fed gvt by state
can’t interfere w performing fed functions
state gvts; sovereign immunity
generally can’t sue them under 11A
but ok for feds to sue them!
taxation of state gvt by feds
immune if state is doing either:
1) unique state activities (things only states do), OR
2) essential gvt functions (things state must do to operate a gvt)
(ok tax if doing private-ish things like hospitals)
anti-comandeering doctrine: def
fed gvt can’t make states act as sovereigns.
Feds can’t:
1) require state legislature to pass certain laws
2) require state officials to enforce federal law
anti-comandeering doctrine: const source
10th am
anti-comandeering doctrine: state consent
still unconst
anti-comandeering doctrine: how to achieve state result
spending clause
anti-comandeering doctrine: EXCEPTION
NOT comandeering to forbit the states from doign something! Even if prohibition extends to state sovereign funcntions!
ex. ok prohibit race discrim in employment
dormant commerce clause: def
states can’t discrim against out of state economic activity (ex. trying to give advantage to locals)
dormant commerce clause: approach
1) if an exception applies, do that
2) otherwise choose btwn 1 of 2 tests:
a) facial discrim
b) incidentally burdens
dormant commerce clause: facial discrim test
if state law discriminates on its face gainst OOS goods/actors, state must show:
1) compelling interest AND
2) necessity (only way achieve interest)
(strict scrutiny)
Maine fish parasite thing passed
dormant commerce clause: incidental burden on ISC test
if just incidental burden, state must show:
1) important state interest AND
2) no excessive burden on ISC (balance against local interests)
can’t limit length of trucks but a smoke ordinance was ok
dormant commerce clause: exceptions
1) Congress approves
2) market participation doctrine
dormant commerce clause: exceptions: Congress approves: def
Congress can affirmatively authorize states to pass laws that woudl normalyl violate DCC and that’s ok
dormant commerce clause: exceptions: market participation doctrine
when state participates in the market, it can discrim against other states
dormant commerce clause: state taxes
state taxes can’t be discriminatory against OOS businesses nor excessive
state action requirement: def
const protects against GVTS (state or fed), not private indivs
result: must show state action
state action req: exceptions
1) public function
2) significant state invt
3) 13th am
state action req: exceptions: 13Am
prohibits action by private indivs too
