4. Ethics

Question 1

What is integrity?

Answer 1

Consistency in the ethical standards we apply and consistency in our behaviours. Based on values and moral framework.

Question 2

What is research integrity?

Answer 2

Consistent application of a set of principles when carrying out research. Can include institutional and personal principles as well as laws, codes and guidelines

Question 3

What is research ethics?

Answer 3

Concepts, behaviours and principles that should or should not underpin research. Asking moral questions about issues that arise.

Question 4

What are the required elements on an ethics proposal form?

Answer 4

1. Background and rationale
2. Methodology
3. Recruitment and payment
4. Method of data collection
5. Informed consent
6. Duration and number of sessions
7. Forseen physical and psychological risks
8. Access to original and anonymous data

Question 5

Explain informed consent

Answer 5

Experimenter must explain what the research is about and what the participant is being asked to do. Different participants have different needs, information must be prepared so that you can disseminate to all participants in a clear way. it must be clear that participants can withdraw whenever they like, and they can ask for their data to not be included. should be collected on an auditable form.

Question 6

What information needs to be given to participants for an informed consent sheet?

Answer 6

1. Purpose, procedures, duration
2. Can withdraw at any time (without prejudice, or if there are any consequences what they will be)
3. Any circumstances that may affect their willingness to take part e.g., discomfort, risks, adverse outcomes, offensive material
4. Potential benefits of taking part (academic research, community, individual)
5. Any limits of confidentiality
6. Nature of incentives being offered
7. Contact information for further details about research

Question 7

Give reasons when deception can and cannot be used

Answer 7

1. Absolutely necessary to run the experiment, no deception-free alternative available
2. Deception must be judged to have scientific or educational value to it
3. Should never be used if physical pain or emotional distress are likely to result

Question 8

What is the purpose of debriefing?

Answer 8

To fully inform the participant. It is not limited to deception but there may be parts of an experiment that are important the participant does not understand (e.g., the purpose of a cognitive test). It is important to explain this to them afterward. It is also basic decency and good manners to correct any misapprehensions they may have developed, make efforts to help participants inadvertently harmed, refer to trained counselors. It also redresses the balance of power (as does information)

Question 9

What are some aspects to consider with confidentiality?

Answer 9

1. Ethically and legally important
2. Info that can identify a ppt should not be shared with other researchers without consent (use coding)
3. Cannot guarantee confidential data won’t end up somewhere it shouldn’t
4. Can you link back to a particular ppt to contact them if necessary?
5. Ensure legal and institutional codes are in place

Question 10

What is service user involvement?

Answer 10

Research carried out with or by service users rather than about, to, or for them. Can help to identify new perspectives and experiences, identify and prioritise objectives, encourage relevant and robust findings.

Question 11

At what levels can service user involvement occur?

Answer 11

1. Consultation (most common)
2. Collaboration
3. User-led or controlled research (least common)