4. Electrical Signals & Neural Pathways to Spinal Cord Reflexes Flashcards
Uneven distribution of charge means the cell membrane is ______
Polarized
Uneven charge distribution is called ______
Resting membrane potential
Required to maintain the greater concentration of Na+ outside the cell membrane and K+ inside
Sodium potassium pump
Action potential is conducted along the entire axon cell membrane
Continuous conduction
Junction where the axon of one neuron interacts w/ another neuron
Synapse
End of the axon forms ?
Presynaptic terminal
Membrane of the dendrite or effector cell is the _____
Postsynaptic terminal
Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes is the _____
Synaptic cleft
Involuntary reaction in response to stimulus
Reflex
Neuronal pathway in which a reflex occurs
Reflex arc
Two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron
Information is transmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into a single pathway
Converging pathway
Axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one postsynaptic neuron
Diverge in two or more pathways
Diverging pathways
Occurs when the local potentials originate from diff locations on the postsynaptic neuron
Spatial summation
Occurs when local potentials overlap in time
Temporal summation
Extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra
Spinal cord
Inferior end of the spinal cord
Resembles a horse tail
Cauda equina
Consist of axons that conduct action potentials toward the brain
Ascending tracts
Consist of axons that conduct action potentials away from the brain
Descending tracts
Gray matter of the spinal cord is shaped like letter H with ________ and _______
Posterior and anterior horns
Exist in levels of the spinal cord associated with the autonomic nervous system
Lateral horns
Fluid filled space in the center of the spinal cord
Central canal
Dorsal root contains a ganglion called the ______
Dorsal root ganglion- contains the cell bodies of pseudo unipolar sensory neurons
Simplest reflex is called the_______
Occurs when muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them
Stretch relfex
The stimulus for this reflex is stretching of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Classic example of stretch reflex
Knee jerk reflex or patellar reflex
Remove a limb or another body part from a painful stimulus
Withdrawal reflex or flexor reflex
