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[OS 213] Pulmo 2nd Long Exam > [4] Drugs for Respiratory Infections - Antibiotics and Anti-TB > Flashcards

[4] Drugs for Respiratory Infections - Antibiotics and Anti-TB Flashcards

1
Q

Color of M. Tuberculosis in Gram Staining

A

Neutral, but once stained cannot be decolorized by acid alcohol

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2
Q

First Line Anti-TB Drugs

A

Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Rifampicin
Isoniazid

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3
Q

When do you use second-line drugs?

A

MDR-TB

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4
Q

Mode of Action of Isoniazid

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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5
Q

Effect of food on Isoniazid absorption

A

Decreases

Take on an empty stomach

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6
Q

[Excretion]

Isoniazid

A

Excreted as unchanged drug and metabolites

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7
Q

Isoniazid toxicity can cause seizures, what can you give to counter this?

A

Vitamin B6

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8
Q

What should you supplement with Isoniazid in patients with diabetes, uremia, HIV infection, alcohol abuse, pregnant and postpartum women?

A

Pyridoxine

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9
Q

Mode of Action of Rifampicin

A

Inhibits nucleic acid protein synthesis

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10
Q

Can you use Rifampicin along as monotherapy for bacterial infections?

A

No, never ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever ever use alone because you will cause resistance, although you can use it as a prophylaxis in certain cases

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11
Q

This Rifampicin adverse effect is also called Redman Syndrome

A

Hypersensitivity Reactions

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12
Q

Mode of Action of Pyrazinamide

A

Inhibits fatty acid synthetase 1 (FAS1)

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

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13
Q

What is the most hepatotoxic Anti-TB Drug?

A

Pyrazinamide

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14
Q

How can pyrazinamide cause pain and swelling in the joints?

A

Can cause gout

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15
Q

Mode of Action of Ethambutol

A

Alters the cell barrier: Inhibits synthesis of arabinoglycan by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase

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16
Q

First anti-TB drug to be discovered

A

Streptomycin

17
Q

Mode of Action of Streptomycin

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

18
Q

Adverse effects of Streptomycin causes?

A

Nephrotoxicity (not Hepato!)
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular Blockade

19
Q

Treatment Guideline for TB for Adults

A

2 HRZE 4 HR

20
Q

Optimal Dosing Frequency

A

Daily

21
Q

WHO Treatment for Children with suspected/confirmed TB Meningitis

A

2HRZE 10HR

22
Q

What other aminoglycosides can be used for the treatment of TB?

A) Ciprofloxacin and neomycin
B) Clarithromycin and azithromycin
C) Amikacin and kanamycin
D) Netilmycin and paramomycin

A

C

23
Q

Most toxic of all aminoglycosides

A

Kanamycin

24
Q

Which Quinolone has the best Anti-TB activity?

A

Levofloxacin

25
Q

What does DOTS mean

A

Directly Observed Therapy Short Course

[OS 213] Pulmo 2nd Long Exam (8 decks)

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