4. Depression Flashcards
Ignorance is bliss
The less you know, the less you have to worry about
STATS: How many ppl will experience a mental healthy problem each year in UK
1 in 6 report experiencing mental health problems every 2 weeks (2019)
STATS: How many suicides in 2021
6319 deaths registered as suicide in 2021
STATS: How many suicides in 2018
In 2018, there was 6154 suicides in GB. This means more than 16 ppl per day took their life.
What is depression and depressive disorders characterised by
Depression & depressive disorders are characterised by changes to mood.
4
Categories of DSM-V
- Major depressive disorder - severe but short term
- Persistent depressive disorder - long term or recurring depression including sustained major depression
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder - childhood temper tantrums
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - disruption to mood prior to/during menstruation
What is unipolar disorder
An episode of depression that can occur suddenly
- Can be reactive (death of loves one)
- Can be endogenous (neurological factors)
What is bipolar disorder
Manic & depressive episodes
- Change of mood in regular cycles
- Mania: over-activity, rapid speech, & feeling happy or agitated
DSM-V criteria
- Depressed mood most of the day (everyday)
- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all/almost all, activities most of the day
- Significant weight loss or weight gain
- A slowing down of thought & reduction of physical movement (observable by others, not subjective)
- Fatigue or loss of energy nearly everyday
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt nearly everyday
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness nearly everyday
- Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or a suicide attempt
To receive a diagnosis of depression, these symptoms must cause the individual clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms must also
Emotional characteristics of depression
- Lowered mood
- Anger
- Lowered self-esteem
Emotional characteristics of depression: Lowered mood
- Defining emotional element of depression.
- Worthless & empty
Emotional characteristics of depression: Anger
- Sufferers can experience extreme anger. This can be directed at self or others
- Can lead to aggressive or self-harm behaviour
Emotional characteristics of depression: Lowered self-esteem
- Sufferers tend to report lowered self-esteem
- Describe a sense of self-loathing
Behavioural characteristics of depression
- Anxiety levels
- Disruption to sleep & eating behaviour
- Aggression & self-harm
- Anhedonia
Behavioural characteristics of depression: Anxiety levels
- Reduced levels of energy - lethargic
- Leads to withdraw from work, education & social life
- Psychomotor agitation: unable to relax & end up pacing
Behavioural characteristics of depression: Disruption of sleep & eating behaviour
- Can lead to insomnia or hypersomnia
- Appetite increases or decreases leading to weight gain/loss
Behavioural characteristics of depression: Aggressive & self-harm
- Can be irritable & this leads to verbal or physical aggression
Behavioural characteristics of depression: Anhedonia
- Decreases ability to feel pleasure/loss of interest
Cognitive characteristics of depression
- Poor concentration
- Attending to & dwelling on the negative
- Absolutist thinking
Cognitive characteristics of depression: Poor concentration
- Difficulty concentrating on a problem & may ruminate
- Poor decision making
Cognitive characteristics of depression: Attending to & dwelling on the negative
- More negative aspects than positive
- Bias towards recalling unhappy events rather than happy ones
Cognitive characteristics of depression: Absolutist thinking
- ‘All good or all bad; or ‘black & white thinking’
- Sees situations as complete disaster
Case study - Jessica
Behavioural symptoms refer to…
the way people act
Emotional symptoms refer to…
the way people feel
Cognitive symptoms refer to…
the way people think (process info)
