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Plant Pathology PLNT305 > 4. Classification > Flashcards

4. Classification Flashcards

1
Q

List four ways of classifying plant diseases.

A
  1. Based on host plants attacked
  2. Based on symptoms
  3. Based on plant organs attacked
  4. Based on causal agents
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2
Q

What two major types of causal agents can you have?

A
  1. Biotic - Infectious agents

2. Abiotic - Non-infectious factors

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3
Q

List three biotic infectious agents.

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Prokaryota
  3. Eukaryota
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4
Q

List five Eukaryota.

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Chromista
  3. Mycota - Fungi
  4. Animalea - Nematodes
  5. Plantae - Higher plants
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5
Q

What are some examples of abiotic agents?

A
  • too low or high temperature
  • lack or excess of moisture, light
  • lack of oxygen
  • air pollution
  • nutrient deficiency
  • mineral toxicity
  • pesticide toxicity
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6
Q

Are fungi more closely related to animals or plants?

A

Clearly more to ANIMALS

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7
Q

Order of classification.

A

L,D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S

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8
Q

What do viruses consist of?

A

Nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA and surrounded by coat of protein subunits=capsid

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9
Q

What shapes can viruses have?

A

rod, spherical or polyhedral

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10
Q

What are the transmission ways of viruses ?

A
  • through host wound
  • sap transmitted
  • by animals and microbes
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11
Q

Do prokaryotes have DNA?

A

Yes, but not enclosed in a nucleus

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12
Q

What do bacteria cell walls contain?

A

glucans or glucose amines

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13
Q

How are bacteria without cell wall called?

A

phytoplasma or mycoplasma like organisms

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14
Q

What shapes can prokaryotes have?

A
  • spherical (cocci)
  • rods (bacilli)
  • spiral (spirilla)
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15
Q

Prokaryote mode of reproduction is___

A

binary fission

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16
Q

Give an example of a Protozoa (specie)

A

Plasmodiophora brassicae

17
Q

Are Protozoa fungus?

A

No, they are fungal-like organisms

18
Q

What are the two kingdoms which are “pseudo” fungus?

A

Protozoa and chromista

19
Q

Give two examples of chromistas (genus)

A

Phytophthora and Plasmopara

20
Q

What is the body of the chromista made of?

A

Mycelium

21
Q

What does mycelium contain?

A

Branches called hyphae

22
Q

Are they unicellular?

A

No, they are generally multicellular and have cell walls.

23
Q

What are the three main Fungi classes?

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
24
Q

What are two main characteristics of fungi cells?

A
  • they do not have chlorophyll pigments

- cell wall contain chitin

25
Q

What is chitin?

A

a long chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine a derivate of glucose

26
Q

What are the fungi body composed of?

A

Mycelium

27
Q

Give an example of a parasitic higher plant.

A
  • Dwarf Mistletoe: have no chlorophyll so they parasite coniferous trees
  • Dodder: a parasitic vine on alfalfa
  • Striga: parasitic on sorghum, corn
28
Q

What are nematodes?

A

Worms, invertebrate non-segmented round worms

29
Q

Are they mostly parasitic?

A

No, most are free-living in soil, feeding on microbes. Some are animal and plant parasites.

30
Q

Which systems do they have in their organism?

A
  • alimentary
  • reproductive
  • nervous
31
Q

Which systems do they lack?

A
  • respiratory

- circulatory

32
Q

What characteristic do all plant pathogenic nematodes have?

A

Stylet

BUT not all stylet nematodes are plant pathogenic

33
Q

What do they use their stylet for?

A

To pierce plant cells and suck sap as the stylet is hollow.

34
Q

What are two examples of air pollution affecting plants’ health?

A
  • Ozone (O3)

- Acid rain

35
Q

Where does O3 come from?

A

produced by a photochemical reaction between hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide primarily from auto-exhaust smog

36
Q

Where does acid rain come from?

A
  • factory emission releasing sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide (coal) and nitrous oxides (auto engines)
  • Forest decline smog, acid rain, winter kill, etc.
37
Q

Which pH does acid rain have?

A

low, from pH=3-4

Plant Pathology PLNT305 (12 decks)

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