Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CAM > 4. Chrissobolis - DM Drugs > Flashcards

4. Chrissobolis - DM Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class does Metformin belong to?

A

Biguanides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main function of Metformin?

A

Reduce hepatic glucose production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 the minor functions of Metformin?

A
  1. Increase glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle and adipose
  2. Decrease glucose absorption in the GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main reason for Metformin therapy? - two things

A
  1. Lower glucose levels

2. Improve insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Metformin do at the cellular level?

A

Increases AMP, causing an increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in gluconeogenic pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 brand name available formulations of Metformin? What 3 are extended release?

A
  1. Glucophage
  2. Rio met
  3. Fortamet - ER
  4. Glucophage XR - ER
  5. Glumetza - ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the black box warning for Metformin?

A

Lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 3 conditions is Metformin not indicated for?

A
  1. T1DM
  2. Diabetic ketoacidosis
  3. Heart Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main action of TZDs?

A

Decrease insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is TZDs MOA?

A

Selective ligand for PPAR-y receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is TZDs action in adipose tissue?

A

Increase FFA uptake and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is TZDs action in the liver?

A

Enhances insulin signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is TZDs action in macrophages?

A

Affects M2 and M1, promotes anti-inflammatory macrophages and protects against pro-inflammatory macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the brand name of Pioglitazone? What class does it belong to?

A

Actos - TZD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the brand name of rosiglitazone? What class does it belong to?

A

Avandia - TZD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three main side effects of TZDs?

A
  1. Fractures in bones
  2. HTN and edema
  3. HF and MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the brand name (hint, there’s 2) of Exenatide? What drug class does it belong in?

A

Bydureon and Byetta - Short Acting GLP-1Ra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are long acting GLP-1Ra better than short acting GLP-1Ras?

A

Better overall glycemic control due to higher fasting insulin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the brand name (hint there’s 2) for liraglutide? What drug class does it belong it?

A

Saxenda, Victoza - long acting GLP-1Ra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the brand name for albiglutide? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Tanzeum - long acting GLP-1Ra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the brand name for dulaglutide? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Trulicity - long acting GLP-1Ra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is metformin’s main site of action?

A

In the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the MOA of DPP4i?

A

Inhibit the breakdown of GLP-1 and GIP by DPP4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the brand name for sitaglpitin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Januvia - DPP4i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the brand name for saxagliptin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Onglyza - DPP4i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the brand name for linagliptin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Trajenta - DPP4i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the brand name for alogliptin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Nesina - DPP4i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the main SE of DPP4is?

A

Severe joint pain and increased risk of acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonylureas?

A

Increase insulin release by biding to SUR1 receptor on pancreatic beta cells

30
Q

What are the three brand names of glipizide? What drug class do they belong to?

A

Glipizide XL, glucotrol, glucotrol XL - Sulfonylureas

31
Q

What is the brand name of glimepiride? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Amaryl - sulfonylureas

32
Q

What are the 2 brand names of glyburide? What drug class do they belong to?

A

Diabeta, glynase PresTab - sulfonylureas

33
Q

What can happen from chronic administration of sulfonylureas?

A

Desentization, circulating insulin levels decline

34
Q

What is the main side effect of sulfonylureas?

A

Hypoglycemia, including coma

35
Q

What is the MOA of SGLT-2i?

A

Inhibit the reabsorption of glucose from urine back into circulation

36
Q

What is the brand name of canagliflozin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Invokana - SGLT2i

37
Q

What is the brand name of dapagliflozin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Farxiga - SGLT2i

38
Q

What is the brand name of empagliflozin? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Jardiance - SGLT2i

39
Q

What is the major side effect of all SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Genetourinary infection

40
Q

What is the goal of insulin therapy?

A

Replicate normal, physiological insulin secretion

41
Q

What are the 4 types of injectable insulins?

A
  1. Rapid acting
  2. Short acting
  3. Intermediate acting
  4. Long acting
42
Q

What type of insulin is preferred for continuous sc insulin infusion devices (aka insulin pumps)

A

Rapid acting insulins

43
Q

What is the advantage of rapid acting insulin?

A

Take insulin immediately before a meal

44
Q

When should short acting insulin be given and why?

A

Given 30-45 minutes before the meal because blood glucose rises faster than insulin

45
Q

What are the 2 main side effects for all insulin therapy?

A

Hypoglycemia and weight gain (more insulin = more weight)

46
Q

What concentration is available for insulin?

A

100 U/mL (100u)

47
Q

What are the three delivery methods of insulin?

A
  1. SubQ injection
  2. Portable pen injectors
  3. Inhaled insulin
48
Q

What is the MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Competitively inhibit enzymes in the small intestine, delaying the breakdown/absorption of carbs

49
Q

What is the net effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Reduction in postprandial blood glucose rise

50
Q

What is the brand name of acarbose? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Precose - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

51
Q

What is the brand name of miglitol? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Glyset - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

52
Q

What is the MOA of a bile acid sequestrant?

A

Competes for the reabsorption of bile acids, thought to also compete with the absorption of glucose from the gut

53
Q

How does a dopamine agonist work?

A

Binds in the hypothalamus, alters the circadian rhythms and reverses insulin resistance

54
Q

What is the brand name of colesevelam? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Welchol - bile acid sequestrant

55
Q

What is the brand name of bromocriptine? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Cycloset - dopamine agonist

56
Q

What is the MOA of amylin?

A

Secreted along w/ insulin to reduce the amount of glucagon secreted after a meal

57
Q

What is the main effect of amylin?

A

Decreased plasma glucose

58
Q

What is the brand name of pramlintide? What drug class does it belong to?

A

SymlinPen (120 &60) - amylin

59
Q

What is pramlintide?

A

An amylin agent for use in T1 and T2 DM for pts currently treated w/ insulin

60
Q

What is the black box warning for pramlintide?

A

Insulin/glucose lower agents

61
Q

What is the MOA of meglitinides?

A

Same as sulfonylureas, binds to SUR receptor and increases the amount of insulin released

62
Q

What is the brand name of repaglinide? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Prandin - Meglitinides

63
Q

What is the brand name of nateglinide? What drug class does it belong to?

A

Starlix - meglitinides

64
Q

What is the A1C goal for a diabetic pt?

A

7%

65
Q

What is the goal for preprandial plasma glucose?

A

80-130 mg/dL

66
Q

What is the goal for postprandial plasma glucose?

A
67
Q

When adding another non-insulin drug onto therapy how much dose it lower a pts A1C?

A

~0.9-1.1%

68
Q

What can be used when Metformin can’t be used?

A

Any of the other 6 medications

69
Q

When Metformin can’t be used because of renal insufficiency, when can and cannot be used?

A

Can: DPP4 inhibitors

Can’t sulfonylureas

70
Q

When an A1C is >9% what should be considered for initial therapy?

A

Duel therapy including insulin

71
Q

In gestational diabetes, what is the most effective treatment?

A

Lifestyle changes

CAM (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions