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CAM > 1. Koh - Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

1. Koh - Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 principles of hormones?

A
  1. Modifies rates of reactions
  2. Affect cells remote from their origin via receptors
  3. Actions terminated by metabolism (or excretion)
  4. Response is dose dependent
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2
Q

Where is the adrenal cortex related?

A

On top of the kidney, the outer 3 layers of the adrenal gland

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3
Q

What are the three regions of the adrenal cortex, from most superficial to deepest?

A
  1. Zona glomerulosa
  2. Zona fasciculata
  3. Zona reticularis
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4
Q

What hormones are produced in the zona glomerulosa?

A

Mineralcorticoids (MCs)

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5
Q

What hormones are produced in the zona fasciculata?

A

Glucocorticoids (GCs)

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6
Q

What hormones are produced in the zona reticularis?

A

Androgens (sex hormones)

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7
Q

What is the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis?

A

The adrenal cortex regulation, regulates when hormones are released.

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8
Q

What hormone comes the hypothalamus in the HPA? Where does it affect?

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), positively affects the pituitary gland.

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9
Q

What hormone is released from the pituitary gland? What does it affect?

A

Andrenocorticotropin (ACTH), positively affects the adrenal cortex

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10
Q

What hormone from the adrenal cortex send negative feedback to the rest of the HPA system?

A

Glucocorticoids send negative feedback to the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

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11
Q

What is the rate limiting step in hormone synthesis? What stimulates this step?

A

Cholesterol –> pregnenolone, stimulated by ACTH

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12
Q

What is the major pathway of hormone production? What is the minor pathway?

A

Major: GCs
Minor: androgens

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13
Q

What is the major releasing factor for MCs? What is the minor releasing factor?

A

Major: Angiotensinogen II and hyperkalemia
Minor: ACTH (from the pituitary)

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14
Q

What is the major releasing factor for GCs? What is the minor factor?

A

Major: ACTH
Minor: Stress

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15
Q

What hormone is essential for the functioning of the adrenal gland?

A

ACTH is essential!

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16
Q

What is the primary cause of excessive or insufficient levels of hormones?

A

Disorder is caused by the gland producing the hormone, essentially the adrenal gland isn’t functioning as it should

17
Q

What is defined as secondary excessive or insufficient hormone levels?

A

Secondary means the pituitary isn’t functioning as it should

18
Q

What is defined as tertiary excessive or insufficient levels of hormones?

A

Tertiary means that the hypothalamus isn’t functioning as it should

19
Q

How are endocrine disorders defined?

A

High or low levels of hormone and the source of the problem

20
Q

What are the 3 criteria to be a hormone?

A
  1. From a specific cell
  2. Travels in blood
  3. Affects cells away/remote from their origin

CAM (4 decks)

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