4 Chemical Communication

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

nutrient breakdown and absorption

Question 2

organizational-actibvational hypothesis of steroid hormone

Answer 2

tissues organized during development
effect during adulthood
activated by hormones

Question 3

sex hormones in rats

Answer 3

testosterones makes male behavior

estrogen doesn’t change anything

Question 4

juvenile habitus

Answer 4

time of least sex differences

Question 5

determines hormone effects

Answer 5

amount
receptors
receptor affinity and potency

Question 6

hormone categories

Answer 6

protein or peptide
modified amino acid
steroid

Question 7

protein / peptide property

Answer 7

water soluble

Question 8

modified amino acid property

Answer 8

water solubility varies

Question 9

steroid property

Answer 9

not water soluble

can pass across membranes

Question 10

modified amino acids

Answer 10

monoamines

indoleamines

Question 11

indoleamines

Answer 11

melatonine and serotonine

derived from tryptophan

Question 12

protein synthesis

Answer 12

by ribosomes
of endoplasmatic reticulum
possible post-translational modification

Question 13

steroid synthesis

Answer 13

alter cholesterol

and all following transformations

Question 14

bound proteins

Answer 14

proteins bind to hormones in bloodstream
increases their time in circulation
some specific, some not

Question 15

free hormones

Answer 15

can exit the blood stream

Question 16

receptors

Answer 16

only found in target tissue of hormone

very specific

Question 17

receptor functions

Answer 17

activate second messenger systems
phosphorylate cellular proteins
control ion channels
regulate gene transcription

Question 18

effector

Answer 18

portion of receptor that changes upon binding and acts in cell

Question 19

four properties of all receptors

Answer 19

protein-...
specificity
reversibility
affinity
binding potential

Question 20

up-regulation

Answer 20

increase in receptor number due to increased synthesis

Question 21

down-regulation

Answer 21

decrease in receptor number due to decreased synthesis or increased degradation