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Behavioral Endocrinology > 3 Feedback Mechanisms > Flashcards

3 Feedback Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

origin of hormones

A

glands

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2
Q

hormones to target cells

A

via blood

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3
Q

negative feedback

A

increase leads to less hormones

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4
Q

positive feedback

A

increase leads to more hormones

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5
Q

examples positive feedback loop

A

oxytocin
lactation
childbirth

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6
Q

regulation of hormones

A

production
secretion
metabolism

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7
Q

patterns of secretion

A

pulsatile
acute
cyclic

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8
Q

pulsatile

A

constant level

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9
Q

acute

A

rapid increase

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10
Q

cyclic

A

predictable pattern

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11
Q

pineal gland

A

produces melatonin

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12
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin and regulatory hormones

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13
Q

adrenal gland

A 
aldosterone
cortisol 
sex hormones 
norepinephrine
epinephrine
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14
Q

pituitary gland / hypothalamus

A 
gonadotropic
corticotropic
growth hormones
oxytocin
arginine
vasopressin
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15
Q

gonads

A

estrogen
progesterone
testosterone

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16
Q

exocrine

A

digestive enzymes and alkaline

pancreatic fluid

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17
Q

endocrine

A

hormones regulating carbs, lipids and protein metabolism

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18
Q

endocrine location

A

Islet of Langerhand

= islet cells

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19
Q

Islet of Langerhand cell types

A

10% alpha cells
70% beta cells
5% sigma cells

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20
Q

alpha cells

A

secrete glucagon

raise blood glucose

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21
Q

beta cells

A

secrete insulin

lowers blood glucose

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22
Q

sigma cells

A

secrete somatosin

GHIH

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23
Q

neural regulation

A

e. g. norepinephrine

from adrenal glans

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24
Q

endocrine regulation

A

hormones bind to endocrine cells

e.g. FSH stimulates estrogen

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25
Q

neuroendocrine interaction

A

???

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26
Q

adrenal glands compartments

A

salt
sugar
sex
sympathy

27
Q

zona granulosa

A

aldosterone

increase Na+ reabsorption

28
Q

zona fasiculata

A

cortisol

long term blood glucose

29
Q

zona reticulaire

A

androgens and estrogens

30
Q

medulla

A

norepinephrine
and epinephrine
a modified sympathetic ganglion

31
Q

medulla and cortex

A

stress mediated

32
Q

two glands of the adrenal

A

cortex

medulla = core

33
Q

cortisol peaks

A

early morning

stress

34
Q

cortisol effects

A

lipolysis
increase blood glucose
suppressed immune function
facilitates catecylamines

35
Q

deficient cortisol

A

poor processing of stress during injury

36
Q

regulation of ACTH

A

???

37
Q

ovary

A

theca cells
corpus lute
granulosa cells

38
Q

theca cells

A

estrogen

39
Q

corpus luteum

A

progesterone

40
Q

granulosa cells

A

inhibition and activation

41
Q

testis

A

Leydig

Sertoli

42
Q

Leydig cells

A

testosterone

43
Q

Sertoli cells

A

sperm development

44
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

45
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating
controlled by inhibit
stimulates estrogen

46
Q

anterior pituitary

A

LH

FSH

47
Q

gonadotropic releasing hormone

A

major effect on LH

48
Q

LH pulses

A

biphasic
every minute
large pulse at 1 hour

49
Q

humoral factors

A

other factors in circulation

e.g. glucose

50
Q

FSH

A

uniphasic

51
Q

LH and FSH over life

A

more during puberty

52
Q

LH in females

A

surge at ovulation

53
Q

LH in males

A

constant

produces testosterone

54
Q

follicular phase

A

maturing follicle secretes E2

P is low

55
Q

preovulatory surge

A 
follicle makes enough E2 
switches to PFB
LH/FSH surge
ovulation
corpus luteum is formed
56
Q

luteal phase

A

c. luteum secretes P for NFB
c. luteum demises
decrease in P
menstruation

57
Q

positive feedback LH and FSH

A

estradiol
at high plasma concentration in late follicular phase
stimulates GnRH and LH
stimulates ovulation

58
Q

negative LH and FSH

A

inhibin by testis / ovaries

???

59
Q

prolactin

A

inhibits GnRH release

creates post-partum contraception

60
Q

amenorrhea

A

???

61
Q

testosterone and LH

A

feeds back to pituitary

inhibits LH

62
Q

HPA axis complications

A

???

63
Q

follicular phase

A

maturing follicle secretes E2
P is low
Preovulatory surge:

64
Q

Luteal phase

A

corpus luteum secretes P for NFB on HPG axis,
low LH]allows corpus luteum demise
decrease in P
menstruation

Behavioral Endocrinology (4 decks)

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