4 - Change Flashcards
what does change cause people to feel?
anxious due to uncertainty
internal causes of change
objectives personnel skill level finances innovation
external cases of change
globalisation environment technology economy customer base competition government
catastrophic/unanticipated/crisis change?
change that a business has no control over and requires contingency plans for the worse case scenarios
anticipated change?
change which can be predicted/ is expected which means a business can respond in order to minimise effects
strategic/tactical/operational change?
change that occurs as a natural part of the operation of the business. this could be because of strategic review, to improve and sustain performance. results of this will require operational changes in the day to day running of the business
what may be included in a contingency plan?
- safety for customers/staff
- back up finances
- emergency call outs
- insurance
- contacts for rebuilds
what are drivers for change?
drivers for change..
factors which support a smooth change
- strong leadership
- clear visions
- good communication
- strong advertising
- financial resources
- employee input
what is meant by change management?
refers to an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations using methods intended to re-direct the use of resources, business process, budget allocations, or other modes of operation that significantly reshape a business
techniques to help management of change
- employee relations
- teamwork
- cooperation
- organisational culture
- no strike deals
- new working practices
- arbitration
- individual relations
- collective relations
- ACAS
Lewin’s 3 step change model
- unfreeze - removing forces which are creating problems by putting forward new ideas and persuading
- change - management will develop new ideas either in the production process or organisation of the business. this stage causes uncertainty
- freeze - the business needs to ensure that the new processes are reinforced; otherwise there will be a tendency to revert to your ‘old ways’
McKinsey’s 7-S model
7 elements (hard and soft)
hard; strategy, structure and systems
soft; skills, style, staff, shared values
these elements must be aligned in order for the business to run smoothly
Kotter’s 8 step change model
what does it do?
what does it involve?
helps managers to understand and manage change in a business. shows the process from seeing the need for change to actually implementing it
- increase urgency for change
- build the team for change
- have a vision of what is to be achieved
- communicate
- empower action (removing anything hindering change)
- create short term wins
- dont let up
- make changes stick
what are drivers against change?
the drivers against change
factors causing problems and resistance
- customer boycott
- employee resistance
- unions
- media coverage
- government interventions
the link between strong leadership and managing change well?
- gets people on board with change
- align organisation to achieve objectives
- creates a clearer vision
- ensures resources are in place
- anticipates and responds to problems
