4. Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is respiration?
Releasing energy from glucose
Word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + Glucose -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + (energy)
Balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In every living cell on specialised membranes
Is aerobic respiration exothermic?
Yes
What does exothermic mean?
Gives out heat
Where are specialised membranes for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes?
In mitochondria
Where are specialised membranes for aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?
In mesosomes
What is the role of cytoplasm in aerobic respiration?
- Where enzymes are made
- Location of reaction in respiration
What is the role of the nucleus in aerobic respiration?
Hold genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration
What is the role of mitochondria in aerobic respiration?
Contain enzymes for aerobic respiration
What is the role of the cell membrane in aerobic respiration?
- Allows gases and water to pass in and out of cell
- Controls passage of other molecules
What happens to oxygen in respiration?
Breathed in through lungs -> circulated in blood -> diffuses to cells
What happens to glucose in respiration?
Digested in digestive system -> absorbed in blood -> diffuses into cells
What happens to carbon dioxide in respiration?
Produced by respiration in cells -> diffuses into blood -> circulates in the blood to the alveoli -> diffuses into lungs through alveoli -> breathed out
What happens to water in respiration?
Produced by cells in respiration-> moves out of cells by osmosis -> circulates in blood -> excess removed through sweat, urine etc
What is energy released in aerobic respiration used for?
- contraction of muscles
- active transport
- chemical reactions
- cell division
- protein synthesis
Where are mitochondria found?
In all plant and animal cells as well as in fungi and algals cells
Adaptations of mitochondria for respiration?
Folded inner membrane = larger SA for enzymes involved in aerobic respiration
What does the number of mitochondria in a cell show?
How active the cell is
What does having a greater muscle mass mean?
You will need more energy
Why do boys need more energy than girls?
Boys have more muscle cells and therefore more mitochondria to release energy
What are mitochondria?
Organelles which carry out aerobic respiration to release energy from glucose for use in the cellg
Why do muscles use a lot of energy?
For movement and support, as well as life processed such as breathing and circulation
What is muscle tissue made of?
Protein fibres that occur in big groups called muscles
How do muscles cause movement?
They contract
What do muscles do when their role is finished?
Relax
What do muscles contain?
Many mitochondria and glycogen stores
How do muscles contract?
Using energy from respiration
What is glycogen?
A carbohydrate that is rapidly hydrolysed into glucose
What does hydrolysed mean?
Split using water
Why does a person’s heart and breathing rate increase after exercise?
When someone is exercising they need more energy released by respiration so the heart pumps harder to carry oxygen and glucose and remove carbon dioxide
Word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen
Symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
How does carbon dioxide become available for photosynthesis?
It diffuses in from the air through the stomata of the leaf