1. Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
- It has a nucleus.
- They usually have mitochondria.
- In plants cells only they have chloroplasts.
What is a nucleus?
Controls all activities of the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
A liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
What is cell membrane?
Controls what passes in and out of the cell.
What are mitochondria?
Structures in the cytoplasm where most of the energy is realeased during respiration.
What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs and synthesis for all other proteins in the cell.
What is a cell wall?
Made of cellulose it strengthens the cells and gives it support.
What are chloroplasts?
They absorb energy from the sun to make food by photosynthesis.
What is a permanent vacuole?
A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap that keeps the cells rigid to support the plant.
What are specialised cells?
Cells specialised to carry out a particular function.
What are adaptations of root hair cells?
- Root hairs provide large surface area.
- A large permanent vacuole affects movement of water from soil.
- Root hair positioned close to xylem
What is the function of a root hair cell?
Enables plants to take in water and mineral salts.
What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?
It has a middle section full of mitochondria to release energy.
What is the function of a sperm cell?
To fertilise egg cells.
What is the tail on a sperm cell for?
To swim.
What are the adaptations of red blood cells?
- cytoplasm contains haemoglobin to transport oxygen
- no nucleus - can contain more haemoglobin
- biconcave shape to maximise surface area
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To carry oxygen.
What does a red blood cell NOT have?
A nucleus.
What is the function of a nerve cell?
To send nerve impulses around the body.
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = size of image (I) / actual size (A)
What are fat cells?
Storage cells. They help animals to survive when food is in short supply.
What are the adaptations of fat cells?
- They have little amounts of cytoplasm - to leave room for large amounts of fat.
- They have very few mitochondria as they use little energy.
- They can expand when it fills up with fat.
What are specialised cells grouped together to form?
A tissue
What joins parts of the body together?
Connective tissue
What does nervous tissue do?
Carries information around the body.
What do photosynthetic cells do?
Make food by photosynthesis
What do storage tissues do?
Store extra food made as starch
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells that can change to different types of cells