4: Attitudes Flashcards
Attitude
A favorable/unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something/someone. Often rooted in one’s beliefs, and exhibited in ones feelings and intended behavior
Implicit association test (IAT)
Computer driven assessment of implicit attitudes. Test uses reaction time to measure people’s automatic association between attitude objects and evaluative words.
Role
Set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave
Foot in the door phenomenon
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to later agree with a larger request
Lowball technique
A tactic for getting people to agree to something. People who agree to an initial request will often comply when the requester ups the ante.
Cognitive dissonance
Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. Can arise when we realize we act contrary to our attitudes.
Selective exposure
Tendency to seek information and media that agree with ones views and to avoid dissonant information
Insufficient justification
Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behavior when external justification is “insufficient”
Self perception
Theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us- by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs
Facial feedback effect
Tendency of facial expressions to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Over justification effect
Result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing and then as a result like it less
Self affirmation theory
(A) people often experience a self image threat after engaging in an undesirable behavior (B) they compensate by affirming another aspect of the self.
ABC model of attitudes
Affect: emotion associated with object
Behavioral intention: behavior directed towards object
Cognition: beliefs associated with an object
Classical conditioning
Response to neutral stimulus conditioned through the use of a natural instinct (pavlovs dogs)
Operant conditioning
Favorable consequences increase likelihood of behavior and unfavorable consequences decrease likelihood of behavior
