2: The Self In A Social World

Question 1

Spotlight effect

Answer 1

Belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are

Question 2

Illusion of transparency

Answer 2

Thinking that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others

Question 3

Self concept

Answer 3

What we know and believe about ourselves

Question 4

Self schema

Answer 4

Beliefs about self that organization and guide the processing of self relevant information

Question 5

Possible selves

Answer 5

Images of what we dream or dread becoming in the future

Question 6

Social comparison

Answer 6

Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves with others

Question 7

Individualism

Answer 7

Concept of giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than groups identification

Question 8

Independent self

Answer 8

Construing ones identity as an autonomous self

Question 9

Collectivism

Answer 9

Giving priority to the goals of ones group and defining ones identity accordingly (extended fam or work group)

Question 10

Interdependent self

Answer 10

Construing ones identity in relation to others

Question 11

Planning fallacy

Answer 11

The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task

Question 12

Impact bias

Answer 12

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion causing events

Question 13

Immune neglect

Answer 13

Human tendency to underestimate the speed and strength of the “psychological immune system” which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen

Question 14

Dual attitude system

Answer 14

Differing implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion, implicit attitudes change slowly with practice that forms new habit

Question 15

Self esteem

Answer 15

Persons overall evaluation or sense of self worth

Question 16

Terror management theory

Answer 16

Proposes that people exhibit self protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality

Question 17

Self efficacy

Answer 17

Sense that one is competent and effective (not worth, that’s self esteem) sharpshooter in the military might have high self efficacy and low self esteem

Question 18

Locus of control

Answer 18

Extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces

Question 19

Learned helplessness

Answer 19

Sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human/animal perceived no control over repeated bad events

Question 20

Self serving bias

Answer 20

Tendency to perceive Oneself favorably

Question 21

Self serving attributions

Answer 21

From of self serving bias,!tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors

Question 22

Defensive pessimism

Answer 22

Adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing ones anxiety to motivate effective action

Question 23

False consensus effective

Answer 23

Tendency to overestimate the commonality of ones opinions and ones undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors

Question 24

False uniqueness effect

Answer 24

Tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and ones durable or successful behaviors

Question 25

Group serving bias

Answer 25

Explaining away outgroup members positive behaviors, also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing same behavior of your own group)

Question 26

Self handicapping

Answer 26

Protecting ones self image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later behavior

Question 27

Self monitoring

Answer 27

Being attuned to the way one present s oneself in social situations and adjusting performance to create the desired impression

Question 28

Self presentation

Answer 28

Act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that correspond to ones ideals

Question 29

Actualized self representation

Answer 29

1. Ought: should be
2. Actual: real self
3. Feared: dread becoming
4. Ideal: best case scenario

Question 30

Sources of self representation

Answer 30

1. Roles
2. Group membership
3. Self perception theory
4. Social interaction

Question 31

BIRGING

Answer 31

AKA Basking in self reflected glory. Attempt to enhance ourselves by surrounding ourselves with successful people

Question 32

Self perception theory

Answer 32

We gather information about ourselves by looking at our behavior