4: Attention and short term working memory Flashcards
Modal Model:
What are the 3 registers for incoming stimuli?
(Hint: IEH)
- Iconic memory.
- Echoic memory.
- Haptic memory.
Modal Model:
Stimuli enters via 3 memory registers (iconic, echoic, haptic), which is then transferred to our:
short-term memory
Modal Model:
What is iconic memory?
Visual sensory memory.
Modal Model:
What is echoic memory?
Auditory info/sound memories.
Modal Model:
What is haptic memory?
Feeling and touch memories.
Short term memories are transferred to and from long-term memory via ________ and _________.
Short term memories are transferred to and from long-term memory via encoding and retrieval.
Mental processes that facilitate perceptual processing and thought, is called:
attention.
What are the 2 primary metaphors used to describe attention?
hint: PR
- Process.
2. Resource
Describe the process metaphor of attention:
Filtering out or enhancing something for further processing.
Describe the resource metaphor of attention:
We have a limited capacity of energy that can be applied to processing.
What are the 2 forms of attention?
- Covert
2. Overt
What is covert attention?
Selectively filtering input by focusing the internal ‘spotlight’ of attention.
What is overt attention?
Selectively filtering input by physically changing the sensory array. E.g. Moving our eyes to look at something interesting.
The decoupling of overt and covert attention was achieved by Posner (1980) using a:
(Hit: S-CT)
Spatial-Cueing Task
What was the hypothesis of Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task?
Covert attention requires time to shift from one location to another.
Overt attention is limited by its spatial ability.
What was the method and logic of Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task?
Subjects maintained gaze on a central location, where a cue indicated the location of a briefly displayed peripheral target letter.
Subjects were asked to indicate the target letter’s identity as quickly and accurately as possible.
What were the 3 IV conditions in Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task?
- Valid cue.
- Invalid cue.
- Neutral cue.
In Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task experiment, what percentage of the time did the valid cue condition indicate the correct location of the target letter to participants?
80% of the time.
In Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task experiment, what percentage of the time did the invalid cue condition indicate the correct location of the target letter to participants?
20% of the time.
In Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task experiment, what percentage of the time did the neutral cue condition indicate the correct location of the target letter to participants?
50% of the time.
What were the results of Posner (1980) Spacial-Cueing Task experiment?
Participants reaction times were greatest in the invalid cue condition, and shortest in the valid cue condition.
According to Treisman and Galade (1980), why is attention necessary?
Attentions binds together features of objects. so that we can form mental representations of them and understand spatial locations.
What was the method and logic of Treisman and Galade (1980) experiment on attention?
Subjects performed a visual search for target objects, with varying numbers of distractor objects. The time it took for subjects to find target objects was measured.
What were the 2 basic IV conditions in Treisman and Galade (1980) experiment on attention?
- Disjunctive search.
2. Conjunctive search.