4. Archaic Athens Flashcards
What is the time period for Archaic Greece?
800/700-450 BCE
What are the 6 biggest changes to happen during Archaic Greece?
- Growth of the polis
- Colonization
- Trade
- Panhellenic Shrines, festivals, etc
- Developments in warfare
- Widening economic inequality
How are we able to know more about this time period?
Actual historical evidence with dates and names.
People wrote on papyrus, only a fraction of the writing has survived but some works have been quoted from later times. There were also coinage and other inscriptions that survived.
Some stories were orally told, which could lead to changes in the original story.
There is a growth in skilled workers and temples are now being made out of stone which is made it possible to survive.
What lead to the colonizing movement,
City-states need more land
Increasing trade
Why were the military systems changing?
Advancements in warfare
Citizen-soldier
*Now facing foreign foes
What changes lead to the advancement of the polis system?
Limits of egalitarianism- More powerful and intrusive government
Issues of stratification and inequality
Power of the elite- the elite had the biggest share of the government
In the early city-states who had central control?
Central control by large landowners who governed in their own self-interest
What is a basileis? Who did they share power with?
The basileis is the king who shared the power with aristocratic families.
What is does Oligarchy mean?
The rule of the few- city states ruled by a small group of men
What are the early socialization organizations and their meanings? (4 singular +Plural)
Oikos, pl. oikoi (household) Four phylē, pl. phylai (tribe) Each divided into a phratry, pl. phratries (‘brotherhood’) Genos, pl. gene (clans)
Who ruled the clans and what did they have in common?
Dominated by a top oikos (household)
Share a common ancestor; have a single clan
name
Powerful aristocratic families/clans in Athens
Who are the Archons (9 magistrates) ,what were their duties and how long was their term?
- Eponymous archon (chief archon)- Supervised public affairs, presided over council and assembly
- Polemarch – military commander
- Archon basileus – oversaw religious rites, homicide trials
- Thesmothetai (6) No written law code, it was open to interpretation
They had a term of 1 year. The name of the year would often be named after the chief archon
Who were the council of Areopagus and what did they do?
Elders/retired archons
Had membership for life
Held power over serving archons
Deliberative body; high court of early Athens
What is ekklesia? Where did it occur and what happened there?
Ekklesia means calling forth, it is an assembly of the people at the public of the council (Pnyx) where they elected magistrates, declared war, military strategy
Votes were taken with a show of hands, stones and using broken poetry.
When did the colonization movement occur and how did it become possible?
Decline in dominance of Egypt, Phoenicia, etc. power vacuum in Mediterranean Open for Greek expansion No other state offered obstacle for Greece
How many colonies were they and what was the most active?
Approx. 90 colonies
Miletus - most active in colonization