4(a) Introduction

Question 1

organic chemistry?

Answer 1

the scientific study of the structure, proporties and reactions of organic compounds (which are those which contain carbon (not CO2, carbon monoxide and metal carbonates)

Question 2

hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 3

empirical formulae?

Answer 3

simplest possible ratio of the atoms in a molecule

Question 4

molecular formulae?

Answer 4

actual number of atoms in a molecule

Question 5

general formulae?

Answer 5

ratio of atoms in a family of compounds (terms of n)

Question 6

displayed formulae?

Answer 6

drawing

Question 7

structural formulae?

Answer 7

e.g CH3CH2CH2CH3

Question 8

Homologous series?

Answer 8

series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical proporties due to them having the same functional group

Question 9

what do all the members of the same homologous series have in common?

Answer 9

• general formulae
• functional group
• similar chemical properties
• range in their physical properties
• difference between consecutive member is CH2 (molecular formula)

Question 10

functional group?

Answer 10

a group of atoms based in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series

Question 11

isomerism?

Answer 11

isomers have the same molecular formulae but different displayed formulae

Question 12

how do you name organic compounds?

Answer 12

prefix tells you how many carbon toms are present in the longest continuous chain
suffix tells you the functional group

Question 13

way to remember how to name compounds?

Answer 13

Meth (monkeys)
Eth (eat)
Prop (peanut)
Butt (butter)
- rest follows the shapes

Question 14

substitution?

Answer 14

the reaction that takes place when one functional group is replaced by another (e.g. methane reacts with bromine water under ultraviolet light)

Question 15

addition?

Answer 15

takes place when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products

Question 16

combustion?

Answer 16

the scientific term for burning. An organic substance reacts with O2 to form Co2 or carbon monoxide if incomplete combustion (+ water).
(e.g alkenes burn when heated in air of O2)

Question 17

incomplete combustion?

Answer 17

there is a limited supply of air/O2 so carbon monoxide is formed instead of CO2