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BDS2 Caries Symposium > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

1
Q

is caries preventable?

A

yes

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2
Q

what is the impact of caries on pre school children?

A
  • aesthetic problems
  • loss of function (larger chunks)
  • pain
  • infection
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3
Q

what is a child abscess like?

A

Unlike adult which is apex and root tip child is below floor of pulp chamber get intra oral swelling as bone spongey so infiltrates it

Painful, pus - some called gum boil

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4
Q

what is the population skew of distribution of caries?

A

25% of Scottsih children have 75% of dental caries

Strongly related to poverty.

  • Hard to reach children
  • Lower socio-economic groups
  • Hard to access because low school attendance , lack of attendance at medical/dental appointments, poor diet
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5
Q

early childhood caries a.k.a.

A

nursing caries

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6
Q

what is the pattern of nursing caries/

A

typically affects the upper anterior and molar teeth

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7
Q

what is a typical cause of nursing caries?

A

inappropriate use of feeding cups and bottle

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8
Q

3 methods of nursing caries prevention

A
  • diet and nutrition
  • fluoride
  • oral hygiene
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9
Q

what is the dental message on breast feeding?

A

breast feed till 2 (rare nowadays)

wean off at approx. 1

no on demand overnight feeding from around 4 months
- over 6 months overnight feeding can lead to caries

all dependent on weight of child

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10
Q

why is breastfeeding best for babies?

A

best nutrition

antibodies
• Dip in maternal antibodies at around 6 months - own immune system into pain - causes crying, fever

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11
Q

what is the specific feature of a feeding cup that should be used for babies?

A

free flow spout

non spill types in most shops are not good for dental development as munch/bite to get fluid
• Should drip when turn over

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12
Q

what kind of drinks should not be put in babies’ cups?

A

drinks containing free sugar

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13
Q

why shouldn’t babies/children be put to bed with a bottle?

A

higher chance of caries if drink has sugar (even milk) as can form over night

can choke on it

causes irregular sleep

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14
Q

what is an issue with soya milk?

A

cariogenic

only be used when medically indicated

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15
Q

what should the dentist recommend when they have a strong suspicion sugary drinks are being consumed?

A

only have at mealtimes (special occasions maybe)

dilute as much as possible and sugar free versions

take through a straw held a back of mouth on top of tongue

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16
Q

what is important to consider if medication is needed?

A

sugar free formulations where possible

if not possible taken at mealtimes

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17
Q

pros and cons of cheese as a snack

A

high energy (good for toddlers)

non-cariogenic

may actively protect against caries (neutralise acid)

can lead to obesity

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18
Q

safe snack

A
  • milk/water
  • fruit (wary of dried)
  • savoury sandwhiches
  • crackers and cheese
  • bread or veg sticks
  • crisps (if plain classic not manufactured ones)
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19
Q

what are the positives of carrying out a 4 day diet diary?

A

can be specific to them - individual advice

actual likes and dislikes taken into consideration
- advise on when best to eat them

20
Q

sources of fluoride

A
  • water (none in scotland)
  • toothpaste
  • supplementary self-delivered (seldom used - drops, tablets and mouthrinse)
  • professionally delivered (gels, varnishes, slow-release devices)
21
Q

when should tooth brushing commence/

A

as soon as first primary/deciduous teeth erupt

22
Q

children brushing teeth

A

in general, under the age of 7/8 need assistance to brush their teeth by an adults as they lack the dexterity to do so properly

23
Q

level of fluoride in child formulation toothpaste

A

1000ppm

e.g. Aquafresh Milk teeth

24
Q

level of fluoride in standard toothpaste

A

1400-1500ppm

e.g. colgate total, aquafresh little and big teeth

toothpastes given out in Childsmile

25
Q

level of fluoride in enhanced fluoride toothpastes

A

2800ppm

e.g. duraphat toothpaste
prescription only

26
Q

toothpaste strength recommendations for first tooth eruption (3 years) standard risk kids

A

1000ppmF

27
Q

toothpaste strength recommendations for 4-16 years standard risk kids

A

1000-1500ppmF

28
Q

toothpaste strength recommendations for high risk kids under 10 years

A

1500ppmF

29
Q

toothpaste strength recommendations for high risk kinds 10 and over

A

2800ppmF (prescription only)

30
Q

toothpaste strength recommendations for high risk 16 and over

A

5000ppmF (prescription only)

31
Q

amount of toothpaste for children under 3

A

smear of toothpaste

approx. 0.1ml

32
Q

amount of toothpaste for children for children 3 or over

A

pea sized amount

approx. 0.25ml

33
Q

fluorosis

A

enamel defect when too much fluoride is exposed to teeth

white flecks (mild)
brown patches (severe)
34
Q

good toothbrushing practices

A

Spit out excess, do not rinse.
- Dry brush

Manual or powered toothbrushes are both effective when using a fluoride toothpaste.

  • Use a small headed manual brush.
  • Power toothbrush use small round oscillating head

A Cochrane Review has indicated that tooth brushing is more effective when using a powered brush with a small round, oscillating head compared to manual brushing.
- Take into account patient situation when recommending products

35
Q

what should be done if more than 5mg of F per kg body weight has been consumed?

A

give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours

36
Q

what should be done if more than 5-15mg of F per kg of body weight has been consumed?

A

Give calcium orally (milk, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate) and admit to hospital

37
Q

what should be done if more than 15mg of F per kg body weight has been consumed?

A

Admit to hospital immediately, cardiac monitoring and life support, intravenous calcium gluconate.
- Can be poisoned (fluoride toxicity

38
Q

what information is needed to assess risk of fluoride toxicity?

A

weight of person
how much toothpaste ingested
strength of toothpaste ingested

39
Q

when should flossing be taught?

A

from 12 years - adult dentition now so no mobile teeth and have manual dexterity skills

40
Q

use of fluoride mouth rinses

A
  • Not recommended for children under the age of 6.

- Even over 6 need to assess the child’s ability to properly expectorate.

41
Q

types of professionally applied fluorides

A
  • APF gels (not really used often)

- varnishes

42
Q

fluoride varnishes

A

Duraphat – first and most widely used
- Yellow, banana taste

Now get different flavours and some are white

Concerns over asthmatic or atopic (highly allergenic) children
- Has resin from tree in it which commonly causes reactions

43
Q

practice based caries prevention

A

Topical fluoride varnish should be applied to the dentition at least twice yearly for pre-school children assessed as being at increased risk of caries.

Floss between contact areas.

Fluoride varnish can be administered for high risk adults

Good for dentine sensitivity too

44
Q

community based caries prevention

A

Health education
- Is a process that results in individuals or groups having increased knowledge related to health.

Health promotion

45
Q

dental and dietary health eduction

A

Is a process that results in individuals or groups having increased knowledge related to health.

The sugar reduction campaign is currently being helped along by anti-obesity public health campaigns.
- Obesity crisis is helping to reduce sugar

46
Q

health promotion

A

Supports individuals in translating their health knowledge into positive behaviours and lifestyles.

The rationale is to increase the community’s day-to-day capacity and ability to follow a healthy lifestyle.
- Need to become habit – lifestyle change (diets are phases – don’t work in general)

Health promotion activities should be directed at a wide variety of areas likely to impact on health,
- e.g. Social, economic and structural environments as well as the policies of public and local institutions.

47
Q

techniques used to diagnose of dental caries

A

bitewing radiographs

  • Fibre-optic transillumination.
  • Temporary tooth separation (gently push teeth apart using blue rubber bands over a couple of days)
  • Air abrasion
  • CO2 Laser
  • Electric caries meter

BDS2 Caries Symposium (5 decks)

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