2 and 3 Flashcards
what oral disease is more prevalent in younger population?
caries
what oral disease is more prevalent in older population?
periodontal disease
etiopathology
origin of disease
what factors do you need to have caries?
- host (tooth)
- dental plaque
- diet (drive, feed bacteria)
- time
how can time impact caries development?
frequency
- how many times eat a diet that generates an acid challenge?
more frequent exposure = shorter caries development time
what are the characteristics of bacteria that is most fit for caries development?
Bacteria that is most fit for the procedure of installing itself to surface of tooth is the most successful
how do bacteria adhere to tooth surface?
Tooth surface (enamel, Apatite) structure is adapted to receive the first coat of proteins
- Sticky out bits are protein – induced by host to coat the tooth
Necessary because surface is harsh and will damage the mucosa and tongue
Protein Coat is a lubricate – protective mechanism
Bacteria has adapted to that surface.
- Cannot attached to enamel but can to protein coat
- Surface of protein exposed to external changes conformation and bacteria recognise this when coating the enamel
secondary elements of aetiology of caries
- Fluoride
- Diet – what and how frequent
- Microbial/ bacteria species
- Buffer capacity – saliva
- Sugar clearance rate – saliva
- social class
- education
- behaviour and attitude
what is caries?
Demineralisation of tooth surface produced by bacteria that produce acid (acidogenic bacteria)
- Progressive demineralising effect
- Imbalance generate by acidogenic bacteria causes caries
what are the most common acids made by acidogenic bacteria?
lactic acid
acetic acid
how are white spot lesions formed?
Lesion is promoted by succession of demineralisation and remineralisation and remineralisation of subsurface takes longer than surface
exchange of acids ions inside is more efficient on sub surface as quicker demineralisation of enamel
- Surface is highly mineralised compared to subsurface
why shouldn’t you probe a white spot lesion?
can fracture
in tact surface but highly demineralised subsurface
what is the structure of subsurface enamel lesion?
enlarged gaps between rods
- rod becomes thinner so gaps between them become more present
- crystallites become thinner (rounder shape)
rod length preserved
interrod region damage but the length of rod is preserved
where is the most common area on tooth to get dental plaque?
under contact point
what happens to dentine when a white spot lesion is generated on enamel?
initial sclerosis of dentine
sclerotic
becomes rigid and unresponsive
losing ability to adapt