4-5.9 test notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

high surface area to volume ratio makes

A

efficient cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

to calculate surface area of a cube you

A

Length x Width x 6 mm ^2 (squared)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

to calculate volume of a cube

A

Length x Width x Height mm ^3 (cubed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells with odd shapes

A

have greater surface area to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

semi/selectively permeable, plasma membrane all mean?

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The cell membrane helps

A

communicate with other cells, creates attachments between cells and protects the cell
is used for transport and maintaining homeostasis
thin, liquid bilayer , that is semi-permeable, regulates movement on materials, entering and exiting the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exocytosis

A

move stuff out —> vesicle fuses with membrane
typically the secretion of larger molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endocytosis

A

bring in —> take in macromolecules by forming vesicle around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

allows flexibility, prevents water from flooding, allows small non polar molecules through easily (ex. oxygen and co2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cell drinking fluid
non-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cell eats
targets large structures + not particularly specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Passive transport

A

Requires no energy
Movement from a high concentration to a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diffusion

A

particles moving from a high to low concentration
ex. air freshener and perfume 
diffusion across the membrane is too slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

equilibrium

A

particle/molecules are equal on both sides of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

osmosis 

A

movement of water from HC to LC across the cell membrane 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

isotonic 

A

equal, both moving in and out 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hypertonic 

A

solution is greater on the outside water moves out (shrinks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypotonic 

A

solution is greater inside water moves in (bursts) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

turgor pressure 

A

cell wall sustains shape, otherwise would explode 

20
Q

Aqua Porins 

A

Channel proteins, that help transport water across the membrane —> necessary bc water is polar! 

21
Q

Active transport 

A

moving from LC to HC —> requires energy 

22
Q

sodium potassium pump helps

A

keep ions in place, making a concentration gradient low —> high

23
Q

Cell theory (3)

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function for living things
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells 
24
Q

how do organisms grow

A

by adding on more cells NOT by increasing the size of their cells

25
Q

minimum cell size

A

A cell must be large enough to house, enough, DNA, protein, molecules, and structures to survive and reproduce 

26
Q

maximum cell size 

A

a cells size is influenced by geometry, the need to have a surface area large enough to service the volume of a cell

27
Q

Plasma membrane

A

has both lipids and proteins
forms stable barrier between two aqueous compartments
provides protection for a cell and a fixed environment inside the cell 
transports nutrients in and toxic substances out

28
Q

The fundamental structure of the membrane is 

A

The phospholipid bilayer 

29
Q

structure of prokaryotic cells 

A

always unicellular, smaller, and simple 

30
Q

eukaryotic cell structure 

A

are often multicellular, additional me or 100 to 10,000 times larger and more complex 

31
Q

compartmentalization increases 

A

The efficiency of many sub cellular processes by concentrating the required components to a confined space within the cell 

32
Q

animal cells 

A

have one or more small vacuoles, and will change according to what solution they’re under 

33
Q

plant cells 

A

have one large central vacuole that can take up to 90% of cells volume and will change according to what solution they’re under 

34
Q

outcomes of organelles malfunctioning 

A

diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, disease, Parkinson’s disease, and even normal aging 

35
Q

structure and function of the nucleus 

A

Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (ex. grow the metabolism) and carries genes, structures that contain hereditary information 

36
Q

structure and function of the nucleolus 

A

facilitating ribosome biogenesis through the process and assembly of RNA into Peribosmal particles 

37
Q

 Ribosome functions

A

decoding a message and the information of peptide bonds, they link together specific amino acids to form polypeptides. Then they export these into the cytoplasm. 

38
Q

Endo membrane system 

A

produces all the transmembrane proteins and lipids for most cell organelles 

39
Q

function and location of the mitochondria 

A

found in plant and animal cells and generates energy for the cell in the form of ATP using oxygen and nutrients 

40
Q

microfilaments

A

thicken the cortex around the inner layer of cell, they resist tension 

41
Q

Microtubules

A

found in the interior of the cell. They maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces. 

42
Q

intermediate filaments 

A

found throughout the cell and hold organelles in place 

43
Q

phospholipid molecules 

A

The phosphate head is hydrophilic, (water-loving)
The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (water-hating) 

44
Q

transport proteins do what

A

facilitate diffusion by proteins binding the molecule the molecule being transported on the surface of the membrane, then passes it to the interior proteins that typically form a channel or pore in the membrane 

45
Q

Chloroplast location

A

found in plant cells and is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell