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History Of Psych > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

0
Q

Physician of the emperor Marcus Aurelius

First distinguished between sensory and motor nerves - identifies the motor nerves as originating in the spinal cord and places the mind in the brain

First experimental psychologist

A

Galen

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1
Q

Used a torpedo fish to cure labor pains and headaches

Witnessed and recorded in great detail Vesuvius destruction of Pompei

A

Planet the elder

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2
Q

Created a system that explained the structure and function of the human body by combining his dissections with ancient works

Very popular books on anatomy

A

Galen

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3
Q

Young Flemish anatomist changed everything when he realized that Galen was dramatically wrong

He discovered that much of Galen’s findings had been mistranslated and were based on the dissection of animals

A

Andreas Vesalius

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4
Q

Published De fabrics corporis humani, a treatise on the structure of the human body that got him in considerable trouble with the church due to the continuing ban on human dissection (the bodies came from the gallows)

A

Andreas Vesalius

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5
Q

Published du motu cordis et sanguinis a treatise on the circulation of blood

A

Harvey

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6
Q

Attacked Galen’s conclusions and showed the differences in human skeletons versus animals

A

Vesalius

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7
Q

Invents the microscope which is used to discover bacteria augmenting the shift to a molecular cellular approach to biology similar to the molecular approach developing in physics and chemistry.

A

Leewenhoek

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8
Q

Published The diatropics on visual perception of distance and nativism

A

Rene Descartes 1638

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9
Q

Published The passions of the soul developing his psychophysical interaction ism, and separation of voluntary and involuntary behavior

A

Rene Descartes 1650

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10
Q

Published leviathan ushering in the empiricistic, passive mind position.

A

Thomas Hobbes 1651

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11
Q

Newtons discovery that white light is a mixture of colored light raising questions concerning the veracity of sensation/perception and physical reality, and principal Mathematica

A

Newton 1672

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12
Q

An essay toward a new theory of vision attacking Descartes theory

A

1709 George Berkeley

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13
Q

Publication of the principles of nature and grace- developing pre-established harmony and further developing petite perceptions and the unconscious

A

1714 gottfried Leibniz

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14
Q

1700s

A

Philosophical zeitgeist shifts towards and understanding of the kind as a passive machine by reductionist if approaches and interest in the illusions and senses, physiology turns to the same issues

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15
Q

Coins the term ‘reflex’ based on the optical model of reflected light, abstract believed that the nervous system reflected incoming information back out in the form of behavior

A

Astruc

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16
Q

Publication of philosophia botanical in which he developed a taxonomic classification schema for odors using inductive phenomenology

A

1751 Carl Linne

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17
Q

Introduced electroshock therapy for treating the mentally ill

A

Richard Lovett 1756

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18
Q

Published the first handbook of physiology

Developed the concept of an inherent contractile force that produced movement of excised muscles

A

Albrect Von Haller 1757

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19
Q

Discovers the electrical nature of the nerve impulse and muscle movement by looking at frog legs between brass and steel rods

A

Luigi Galvani 1780

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20
Q

Scottish philosopher published essays on the intellectual powers of man in which he argues for 27 different faculties of the human intellect giving rise to a search for localization of intellectual functions in the brain

A

Thomas Reid 1785

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21
Q

End of 1700s

A

Intense shift of intense interest in localization of neural functioning occurring in physiology

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22
Q

Localized memory, intellect, and perception on the brain

Localized emotions in the viscera

Discusses the voluntary and involuntary systems

Describes a cell theory in which cells make up tissues which in turn make up organs

A

Bichat 1790

23
Q

An American chemist discovers his own color blindness later called daltonism

After images that lent itself to phenomological introspection

A

John dalton 1794

24
Q

Published relation between the physical system and the mental faculties of man which marks the beginning of physiological psychology. This book dealt with psychological bases of stimulus response actions

A

Jean cabanis 1802

25
Q

Professor of philosophy at Leipzig published the first ‘history of psychology” 75 years before experimental psych is formally founded by Wundt at Leipzig

A

Fredrick carus 1808

26
Q

Established the craniognomy movement in which the intellective faculties were believed to be localized in the brain which increased in size due to exercise of those faculties

A

Franz Gall 1808

27
Q

First starts conversion to the phrenology movement

A

Spurtzheim

28
Q

A German astronomer works out the normal distribution of error in measurements - called the Gaussian curve until it was later named the normal curve

A

Karl Fredricg Gauss 1809

29
Q

Began work on the localization of function

Placing senses in the medulla wrong
Higher functions in the cerebrum

A

Rolando 1810

30
Q

Published work that points out the separation of sensory and motor function in the FOREAL and ventral roots of the spinal cord

Called the bell-magendie law

A

Charles bell

31
Q

Kinnebrook fired by chief astronomer Maskelyne at the green which observatory for persistent misapplication of the

A

Eye and ear method of Bradley in establish the time of transit for a star

32
Q

Eye and ear method of bradly was impetus for the first true psych experiment of the complication that occurs when two senses are used at the same time

A

Here

33
Q

Works out the personal equation for individual differences between astronomers observations of stellar transit times based on the Gaussian curve

A

Fredrich Bessel

34
Q

Coined the terms protoplasm, purkinje network, founding of histology

Relative shift from reds through blues as day vision shifts to achromatic night vision with the blues being the last hues to fade

Blue lights on runways known as the Purkinje shift

A

Jan evangelists purkinje

35
Q

Established localization of specific motor function in pigeon brains using the method of ablation or extirpation of parts

Research showed recovery of a subject from a partial ablation and said that the cerebrum functioned in a unitary manner

Identified the cerebrum cerebellum medulla

A

Pierre flourens

36
Q

Established the existence of a sixth sense, a muscle sense (kinesthesia)

A

Charles bell 1826

37
Q

Published analysis of the phenomenon of the human mind

A

1829 James mill

38
Q

Published something establishing reflex action and localization of four kinds of movement

Voluntary conscious movement in the cerebrum

Unconscious respiratory movement in the medulla

Involuntary movement in the tissue
Reflexive movement in the spinal cord

A

1833 Marshall Hall

39
Q

Publishes De Tactu on the sense of touch in which webers law on the JND was found to be a constant proportion

A

1834 Ernst Heinrich weber

40
Q

Publishes something in which the doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed the doctor and gave impetus to the search for localization of sensory function that paralleled the search for localization of motor function

A

Johannas muller

41
Q

The doctrine says that each sensory nerve produces qualitatively different signals unique to each sensory system

The evidence was based on inductive phenemonology

Doctrine also implies nativism our senses are prewired to respond without learning explains allusions as inappropriate stimulation

A

Johannas muller specific nerve energies

42
Q

Present a paper contributions to the physiology of vision to the Royal Society the paper develop the stereoscope forerunner of the modern Viewmaster and the theory that three-dimensional vision is due to the fusion of disparate retinal images

A

Charles Wheatstone

43
Q

System of logic is published ushering in mental chemistry structural psychology Jay salt psychology

A

John Stuart mill 1843

44
Q

Expounds the theory of animal electricity based on the current of injury and animal magnetism

A

Emil du bois reymond

45
Q

Using a drum chronograph that he invented he measured the speed of the nerve impulse buy subtraction of the times to respond to a stimulus applied to the toe and thigh

A

Herman Von helmholtz

46
Q

Human measurements prove highly variable so him hold you the frog to establish a more reliable measurement of about 75 m/s this measurement shows at the speed of neural conduction is relatively slow breaking down the inductive phenomenological belief that the brain mental functions are instantaneous

A

Hemholtz

47
Q

On the morning of October 22, 1850 Fechner’s insight into the use of Wieber’s law of the JND to show the equality of mind and body leads him to begin his researcher and psychophysics the birth of psychophysics and arguably modern experimental psychology

A

Gustav fechner

48
Q

Introduces the term evolution predating Darwins publication of the theory

A

Herbert spencer

49
Q

Publishes physiological optics in which he breaks with German scientific and philosophical tradition to develop the Imperio cystic explanation of depth perception based on unconscious inference a theory of color vision and perception

A

1856 herman Von helmholtz

50
Q

Article establish the localization of speech in the brain using the clinical case study method of correlating functional deficits with postmortem pathological findings by combining the results of many autopsies he was able to establish that speech path ologies were not due to damage to other brain areas or other physical deficits

A

Paul broka

51
Q

Coins the term wave of negativity as a theory of the nerve impulse

A

Julius bernstein

52
Q

This paper reports the use of the method of electrical stimulation to establish localization of motor function

A

Gustavo fritch and eduard hitzig

53
Q

Publishes a second and more controversial book descent of man in which he fully developed the physical and psychological continuity of humans is dissented from other animals

A

Darwin

54
Q

Publishes functions of the brain which she clearly develops and supports the theory of the localization of sensory function visual projection area occipital cortex and monkeys and discusses the effects of the prefrontal lobotomy on nonhuman primate

A

David terrier 1876

History Of Psych (4 decks)

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