4/25 Lecture - Fossil Record Homo

Question 1

Pleistocene Epoch

Answer 1

Ice ages
2.6 MYA
Cooled Avg Temp

Question 2

12 major glaciations

Answer 2

over last 1MY

Question 3

H. florensis & H. luzonensis

Answer 3

insular dwarfism
H. luzonensis retains climbing adaptations
Implication: H. erectus dispersed through islands

Question 4

H. neaderthalensis

Answer 4

EVC like modern humans
Archaic Cranium:
- long low braincase
- massive nose
Robust Post Crania:
- short limbs/ stocky body
(adapted to colder climate )

Question 5

H. neaderthalensis pt 2.

Answer 5

Mousterian Industry ( mode 3)
spearpoints/active hunting/fire

Question 6

blade technology (Mode IV)

Answer 6

Blades are long, thin stone tools that are commonly found at modern human sites

Question 7

microlith technology (Mode V)

Answer 7

sharp edge on one side

carefully flattened surface on the other side

Question 8

Klasies River Mouth

Answer 8

Tools, beads, and decorated ostrich eggshells found

Question 9

mtDNA / Y-chromosome / chromosome 12

Answer 9

linked by short branches= more RCA

linked by long branches = Less RCA

Question 10

Upper Paleolithic industries

Answer 10

Aurignacian
Gravettian
Solutrean
Magdalenian

Question 11

Aruginacian

Answer 11

large blades, burins, and bone points

Question 12

Gravettian

Answer 12

small, parallel-sided blades

and bone awls

Question 13

Soultrean

Answer 13

beautiful leaf-shaped points

Question 14

Magdalenian

Answer 14

carved, decorated bone and antler points together with many microliths

Question 15

burin / awl

Answer 15

burin- a tool now used for engraving

awl- a small pointed tool used for piercing holes

Question 16

Lake Mungo / Kow Swamp

Answer 16

Australia

the oldest evidence of cremation

Question 17

complete replacement hypothesis
(aka Out-of-Africa or Noah’s Ark hyp.)
(Back to Africa Hyp)

Answer 17

archaic sapiens spread out everywhere/ back to africa
- from africa, modern sapiens evolved from archaic sapiens,
then spread through the world.
They replaced the archaic sapiens WITHOUT interbreeding

Question 18

multiregional hypothesis

aka regional continuity hyp.

Answer 18

Both subspecies have been members of the same interbreeding pool since Homo erectus (gene flow) and have evolved in parallel fashion)

Question 19

hyp. For origin and spread of human:

Answer 19

Both

Out of Africa but SOME interbreeding

Question 20

“The Human Revolution”

Answer 20

emergence of language, consciousness and culture in our species.

Question 21

vs “human evolution”

Answer 21

not a European revolution

but rather a gradual shift from Africa and out.