4

Question 1

Bakufu

Answer 1

Tokugawa shogunate government, facing Western pressures.

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Question 2

Westphalian Doctrine

Answer 2

Western territorial power concept, contrasting Tokugawa sovereignty.Unequal Treaties

Question 3

Unequal Treaties

Answer 3

Treaties limiting Japan’s sovereignty and trade rights.

Question 4

Nationalistic Sentiment

Answer 4

Emerging pride and identity among Japanese populace.

Question 5

Kokugaku Learning

Answer 5

Philosophy emphasizing Japan’s superiority and emperor’s authority.

Question 6

Nationalization of Shinto

Answer 6

Shinto’s role in forming a unified national identity.

Question 7

Cosmopolitan Chauvinism

Answer 7

Emphasizing Japan’s superiority over foreign cultures.

Question 8

Radical Nostalgia

Answer 8

Romanticizing Japan’s past to inspire national unity.

Question 9

Intellectual Thought

Answer 9

Rise of new ideas challenging traditional Tokugawa norms.

Question 10

Rice Taxation

Answer 10

Communal taxation system based on rice production