4

Question 1

Dr. Gutierrez is a developmental psychologist who wishes to measure the quality of attachment between a group of 2 year olds and their mothers. What technique is she likely to use?

A. the accommodation-assimilation task
B. the Strange Situation technique
C. the conservation technique
D. the object permanence task

Answer 1

B. the Strange Situation technique

Question 2

Which of the following statements BEST describes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A. a harmful chemical preservative that is a known teratogen
B. a specific gene that is known to be associated with several serious birth defects
C. a double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions
D. the chemical “trigger” that activates cell division in the developing embryo

Answer 2

C. a double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions

Question 3

When you put your finger on your newborn nephew’s palm, he curls his own fingers around yours, grasping your finger tightly. What behavior have you elicited from your nephew?

A. the grasping reflex
B. the rooting reflex
C. the stepping reflex
D. a newborn’s inborn preference to seek human contact

Answer 3

A. the grasping reflex

Question 4

Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Answer 4

preoperational

Question 5

Overall, researchers have found that the _____ style of parenting is associated with children who are well-adjusted, competent, receive higher grades, and are less likely than their peers to get into trouble.

authoritarian
permissive-indulgent
permissive-indifferent
authoritative

Answer 5

authoritative

Question 6

Mr. Scianna is a normal, healthy, 47-year-old man. In general, he can expect his physical stamina, strength, and reaction time to:

A. be the same as when he was in his twenties and thirties.
B. decline dramatically over the next three years.
C. gradually decline over the next ten years.
D. gradually increase over the next twenty years.

Answer 6

C. gradually decline over the next ten years

Question 7

Lawrence Kohlberg is best known for:

A. formulating the gender schema theory of development.
B. proposing the psychosocial theory of development throughout the lifespan.
C. his research with infants showing that object permanence emerges at an earlier age than believed.
D. proposing an influential theory of moral development.

Answer 7

D. proposing an influential theory of moral development.

Question 8

Connor and Mandy are two unrelated 13-month-old infants. Connor can already walk easily, but Mandy has yet to take her first steps. What is the most likely explanation for the difference between their ability levels?

A. Connor is brighter than Mandy, since he is progressing through the stages of development more rapidly.
B. Mandy and Connor are both well within the normal age range for the development of these motor skills.
C. Connor’s mother has taught him to walk, but Mandy’s mother has not taught her to walk.
D. Mandy’s inability to walk at 13 months is abnormal and may indicate the presence of other developmental problems.

Answer 8

B. Mandy and Connor are both well within the normal age range for the development of these motor skills

Question 9

Mrs. Hall has always enjoyed quiet, solitary pursuits, such as gardening and reading. Now that she is almost 80, the activity theory of aging would predict that her life satisfaction will be highest if she:

A. disengages from those activities.
B. joins several senior citizen groups, travels, and takes up new hobbies that force her to interact with other people.
C. continues to pursue the activities that she has always enjoyed.
D. enters a nursing home.

Answer 9

C. continues to pursue the activities that she has always enjoyed.

Question 10

Sid is seriously ill, and his doctor has warned him that his chances of survival are not good. When Sid’s wife visits him in the hospital, Sid tells her that he is feeling much better and expects to be home in a couple of days and back to work in a matter of weeks. According to Kübler-Ross’s model of dying, Sid is in which stage of the dying process?

depression
denial
bargaining
anxiety

Answer 10

denial

Question 10

Seven-year-old Amy demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Amy is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Answer 10

concrete operational

Question 11

Although he is more than a year old, Jason wakes up frequently during the night and is hard to soothe back to sleep. In general, he cries easily, is a fussy eater, and rarely naps at the same time every day. Jason would most likely be categorized as:

slow-to-warm-up.
difficult.
easy.
securely attached.

Answer 11

difficult

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the thinking of a child in the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

A. the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation
B. the ability to reverse mental operations
C. the ability to use words and symbols to represent the world
D. difficulty taking another person’s perspective or point of view

Answer 12

B. the ability to reverse mental operations

Question 13

Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are next-door neighbors. Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann each live alone, and both are 75. They are in good physical health. Mr. Lester spends most of his time watching television and rarely leaves his house. Mr. Vann reads many books and magazines, walks every day, works as a volunteer at the local library, and frequently plays penny poker with some friends. Based on this information, you can predict that:

A. Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are likely to experience the same level of decline in mental abilities, since both are the same age.
B. Mr. Lester is likely to experience less of a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Vann, because Mr. Lester conserves his strength and is less likely to get sick.
C. because he remains mentally and physically active, Mr. Vann is less likely to experience a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Lester.
D. Mr. Vann’s multiple roles may increase the level of stress that he experiences.

Answer 13

C. because he remains mentally and physically active, Mr. Vann is less likely to experience a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Lester.

Question 14

According to Carol Gilligan’s model of moral development:

A. women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.
B. men and women have very similar approaches to moral reasoning and both use a mix of care and justice perspectives.
C. men, more than women, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.
D. moral reasoning predicts moral behavior for men but not for women.

Answer 14

A. women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others

Question 15

According to Erikson’s theory, in late adulthood, regret is to _____ as self-acceptance and pride is to _____.

inferiority; industry
isolation; intimacy
despair; ego integrity
stagnation; generativity

Answer 15

despair; ego integrity

Question 16

The main difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of development is that:

A. Vygotsky’s theory supplied additional evidence for Piaget’s conclusions.
B. Piaget stressed the child’s independent discoveries, whereas Vygotsky stressed that supportive interactions with parents and others played a key role in cognitive development.
C. Vygotsky stressed the independent efforts of the child, whereas Piaget stressed formal learning experiences.
D. the stages of cognitive development in Vygotsky’s theory occur at much earlier ages than the corresponding stages in Piaget’s theory.

Answer 16

B. Piaget stressed the child’s independent discoveries, whereas Vygotsky stressed that supportive interactions with parents and others played a key role in cognitive development.

Question 17

Young Tommy can roll over and grasp his rattle, but is not yet able to sit up without support. In terms of physical development, if he is like most normal infants, then he is approximately:

11.5 months old.
14 months old.
6 months old.
4 months old.

Answer 17

4 months old

Question 18

According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the early childhood years from ages 3 to 6 are characterized by the psychosocial conflict of:

trust versus mistrust.
industry versus inferiority.
autonomy versus doubt.
initiative versus guilt.

Answer 18

initiative versus guilt

Question 19

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of development of language production from birth to about age 2?

A. cooing, babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage
B. babbling, cooing, two-word stage, four-word stage
C. production, comprehension, one-word stage
D. consonants, vowels, babbling, two-word stage

Answer 19

A. cooing, babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage

Question 20

Adrian is 11 years old and has grown up in a family situation that has almost always been negative and stressful, especially since his biological father left about five years ago. Amber is also 11 years old and has grown up in a stable family situation that is warm, loving, encouraging, and consistent. According to the information discussed in your text, which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to occur?

A. Although it will be for different reasons, both Adrian and Amber will experience a later onset of puberty than most of their peers.
B. Although it will be for different reasons, both Adrian and Amber will experience an earlier onset of puberty than most of their peers.
C. Relative to other boys, Adrian is likely to experience puberty later, while relative to other girls, Amber is likely to experience puberty earlier.
D. Relative to other boys, Adrian is likely to experience puberty earlier, while relative to other girls, Amber is likely to experience puberty later.

Answer 20

D. Relative to other boys, Adrian is likely to experience puberty earlier, while relative to other girls, Amber is likely to experience puberty later

Question 21

Jack’s daughter Molly wants to go to a school play on a week night, promising that she will make sure that she finishes her homework in study hall at school. Jack says, “Absolutely not. The rule is no social events on school nights, no matter what.” Jack is demonstrating which parenting style?

authoritarian
permissive-indulgent
authoritative
permissive-indifferent

Answer 21

authoritarian

Question 22

With the exception of the reproductive cells, every cell in a person’s body contains:

A. a complete copy of that person’s genotype.
B. only the genes that control that cell’s characteristic.
C. a complete copy of that person’s phenotype.
D. the developing zygote.

Answer 22

A. a complete copy of that person’s genotype.

Question 22

Nicholas is 15 years old. Talking with his friends, he says, “Sometimes I think I would like to be a scientist, someone who makes discoveries that help people. Then I think that maybe a career in politics or medicine is more my style. I can’t decide whether I should study pre-med, pre-law, or maybe microbiology.” It is likely that Nicholas is in the _____ of identity development.

generativity phase
moratorium period
integrated identity stage
ego integrity stage

Answer 22

moratorium period

Question 23

Thirty-year-old Alayna is painfully shy and so sensitive to rejection that she rarely talks to people other than her coworkers and her family members. Occasionally, a man asks her out, but she always refuses. She spends a good deal of time reading and writing in her diary about her loneliness and other feelings. According to Erikson’s theory, Alayna is facing the psychosocial conflict of _____ and is likely to develop _____.

A. industry versus inferiority; inferiority
B. autonomy versus guilt; guilt
C. generativity versus stagnation; stagnation
D. intimacy versus isolation; isolation

Answer 23

D. intimacy versus isolation; isolation

Question 24

Twelve-year-old Andrea has been wearing a bra for over a year. She had her first menstrual period when she was 10 years old and is taller than most of her classmates. Compared to late-maturing girls, Andrea is likely to have had:

A. very positive experiences related to her early maturation.
B. Much the same type of experiences as late-maturing girls.
C. negative experiences related to her early maturation.
D. some negative but mostly positive experiences related to her early maturation.

Answer 24

C. negative experiences related to her early maturation.

Question 25

In an experiment, it was found that newborn rats who were genetically predisposed to be skittish, nervous, and high-strung would develop into calm, exploratory, and stress-resistant adult rats when raised by genetically unrelated, attentive mothers. Although the rats’ DNA did not change, the chemicals that controlled their gene expression did change, a phenomenon called:

epigenetic change.
allele variation.
recessive gene mutation.
dominant gene mutation.

Answer 25

epigenetic change.

Question 26

Chronic stress, depression, and anxiety during pregnancy are associated with:

low birth weight and premature
birth.
fetal alcohol syndrome.
fetal teratogen syndrome.
ventricle malformation.

Answer 26

low birth weight and premature
birth.

Question 27

Up until they are about 10 months of age, infants can distinguish among speech sounds:

A. from any spoken language, whether they have been exposed to it or not.
B. only from languages to which they have been exposed.
C. only from those languages that do not use motherese to communicate.
D. from any spoken language that has simple rather than complex grammatical rules as long as there has been some minimal level of exposure to that language.

Answer 27

A. from any spoken language, whether they have been exposed to it or not.

Question 28

Rob has put all of his energies into his job as a stockbroker, often working twelve or more hours a day, and usually working on weekends. Because of this self-absorption and a preoccupation with his own needs, Rob has been very successful and, by the age of 45, has already amassed what amounts to a small fortune. Although he continues to put in long hours at work, he is beginning to feel dissatisfied and bored with his life. According to Erikson’s theory, Rob is probably facing the psychosocial conflict of _____ and is likely to develop _____.

A. generativity versus stagnation; stagnation
B. ego integrity versus despair; despair
C. intimacy versus isolation; isolation
D. industry versus inferiority; industry

Answer 28

A. generativity versus stagnation; stagnation

Question 29

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby’s needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

guilt.
mistrust.
inferiority.
role confusion.

Answer 29

mistrust

Question 30

Ten-year-old Ben helped his 5-year-old sister Hannah learn how to tie her shoelaces. This example illustrates which concept?

A. the activity theory of aging
B. Baillargeon’s event-specific expectations
C. Piaget’s formal operations
D. Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

Answer 30

D. Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

Question 31

Jon’s son Matthew is 15 years old. Jon is worried because Matthew seems increasingly dependent upon the opinions of his friends, and Jon is afraid that Matthew’s peers will be a bad influence on him. According to psychological research:

A. peers almost always have a bad influence on an adolescent.
B. peer relationships tend to reinforce the traits and goals that parents fostered during childhood.
C. parents should choose an adolescent’s friends because adolescents have poor judgment regarding their peers.
D. peer relationships are not as important to Matthew as is his relationship with his father.

Answer 31

B. peer relationships tend to reinforce the traits and goals that parents fostered during childhood

Question 32

Psychologist Renée Baillargeon found that three-and-a-half-month-old infants appeared surprised when they watched a carrot pass behind a screen but fail to appear in a window in the screen. According to Baillargeon, this suggests that infants understand _____ at a much earlier age than Piaget suggested.

conservation
object permanence
centration
symbolic thought

Answer 32

object permanence

Question 33

The three distinct levels of moral reasoning that Kohlberg proposed are:

A. preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
B. legal principles, universal moral principles, and law and order principles.
C. preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
D. abstract thinking, rational thinking, and logical reasoning.

Answer 33

C. preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Question 34

Despite the fact that Crystal is doing above average work in fourth grade, her father tells her that her grades are unsatisfactory and that she is not working hard enough. According to Erikson’s theory, Crystal is likely to develop a pervasive sense of:

mistrust.
despair.
inferiority.
doubt.

Answer 34

inferiority

Question 34

Trina is seven months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:

A. have already said her first real word.
B. be capable of using two words in combination.
C. be able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as “ma-ma” or “da-da.”
D. be capable of speaking fluent motherese.

Answer 34

C. be able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as “ma-ma” or “da-da.”

Question 34

Kyle is eight years old and when playing games with his classmates, he believes that they should all obey the rules of the games so that it is fair for everyone. Kyle’s beliefs reflect which level in Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning?

the preoperational level
the conventional level
the formal operational level
the preconventional level

Answer 34

the preconventional level

Question 34

Shannon is in the seventh week of her pregnancy. In terms of prenatal development, Shannon’s pregnancy is in the _____ period.

zygotic
embryonic
germinal
fetal

Answer 34

embryonic

Question 34

Generally, well-nourished and healthy children begin puberty _____ children who have experienced serious health problems or inadequate nutrition.

earlier than
later than
at the same time as
either much earlier or much later than

Answer 34

earlier than

Question 35

Janeen enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her 1-year-old daughter Peggy. Initially, Peggy clings to her mother, but then becomes interested in the attractive toys in the playroom. She picks up a toy and brings it back to her mother, then drops it and approaches the toy box again. Peggy cries when Janeen leaves the room, but quickly calms down again when her mother returns. Peggy would most likely be classified as:

securely attached.
difficult and slow-to-warm-up.
insecurely attached.
preoperational.

Answer 35

securely attached

Question 35

Your unique genotype:

A. has changed dramatically as you have progressed through the various ages and stages of the lifespan.
B. is found in the chromosomes of every cell in your body, except for your reproductive cells (sperm or eggs).
C. is comprised of 23 pairs of genes.
D. is found in dominant gene pairs but not in recessive gene pairs.

Answer 35

B. is found in the chromosomes of every cell in your body, except for your reproductive cells (sperm or eggs)

Question 35

List in the correct sequence the five stages in the dying process that were identified by Kübler-Ross.

A. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
B. anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, despair
C. anxiety, denial, depression, bargaining, regret
D. fear, rejection, bargaining, anger, irreversibility

Answer 35

A. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question 36

Bob and Connie have raised three children. The youngest has just graduated from college and is about to leave home to take a job in another city. Over the next few years, Bob and Connie can expect to experience:

A. the dissatisfaction, loneliness, and boredom that accompanies the “empty nest” syndrome.
B. a sharp decrease in marital satisfaction.
C. a steady increase in marital satisfaction.
D. no noticeable change in their marital relationship or level of marital satisfaction.

Answer 36

C. a steady increase in marital satisfaction

Question 36

Elizabeth is in the fifteenth week of her pregnancy. In terms of prenatal development, Elizabeth’s pregnancy is in the _____ period.

fetal
germinal
embryonic
zygotic

Answer 36

fetal

Question 37

The classic conservation task developed by Piaget involves two short containers that contain equal amounts of liquid. While a child watches, the water from one container is poured into a tall, thin beaker. The child is asked which beaker holds more water, the short container or the tall container. Four-year-old Daniel answers the question incorrectly, while 7-year-old Emily is able to answer the question correctly. Why?

A. Daniel is in the Preoperational stage, while Emily is in the concrete operational stage.
B. Girls progress through the stages of cognitive development earlier and faster than boys do.
C. Emily is in the formal operational stage, and Daniel is in the concrete operational stage.
D. Daniel is in the sensorimotor stage, and Emily is in the preoperational stage.

Answer 37

A. Daniel is in the Preoperational stage, while Emily is in the concrete operational stage

Question 38

On a rainy afternoon, 5-year-old Nathan had great fun building a pirate ship using the cushions from the couch and several kitchen chairs. Nathan’s imaginary play reflects his capacity for _____, which is a characteristic of the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A. object permanence; preoperational
B. abstract reasoning; concrete operational
C. conservation; preoperational
D. symbolic thought; preoperational

Answer 38

D. symbolic thought; preoperational

Question 39

Researchers at State University study cells that can divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and give rise to a variety of other types of cells. These researchers are investigating:

epigenetic cells.
chromosomes.
stem cells.
teratogens.

Answer 39

stem cells

Question 40

Janeen touches her newborn’s cheek. Her baby turns toward Janeen’s hand and opens her mouth. Janeen has triggered which reflex?

A. the sucking reflex
B. the quickening reflex
C. the rooting reflex
D. the grasping reflex

Answer 40

C. the rooting reflex

Question 40

Within hours of being born, an infant displays a preference for his or her mother’s _____ over that of a stranger.

touch
voice
heartbeat
car

Answer 40

voice

Question 41

Marcie is 9 months old. If she is like most normal infants her age in terms of physical development, she will be able to:

A. walk very well without help.
B. build a tower out of two or more building block cubes.
C. stand while holding on to a chair or some other support structure.
D. stand alone quite well and take a few steps before falling down.

Answer 41

C. stand while holding on to a chair or some other support structure.

Question 42

Frank now uses his first pronouns, phrases, and sentences. If he is like most children in terms of language development, he is approximately:

9 months old.
15 months old.
24 months old.
18 months old.

Answer 42

24 months old

Question 43

Children with _____ parents are more likely to rebel, while children with _____ parents are more likely to lack self-control.

authoritarian; permissive
authoritative; authoritarian
permissive-indifferent; permissive-indulgent
authoritarian; authoritative

Answer 43

authoritarian; permissive

Question 44

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

A. sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational
B. preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
C. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
D. concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational

Answer 44

C. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 45

Teresa is a quiet child who has never been very active. She is good-natured and calm as long as her circumstances are familiar, but she is easily upset by changes in her environment. It takes her a long time to adapt to new food, new people, or new surroundings. Teresa’s temperament would probably be categorized as:

slow-to-warm-up.
difficult.
easy.
below average.

Answer 45

slow-to-warm-up

Question 46

Tyler is a typical early-maturing boy. Compared to late-maturing boys, he is likely to:

A. experience very negative feelings about his body image and pubertal changes.
B. have an advantage in terms of popularity and athletics.
C. be at a distinct disadvantage in terms of popularity, social maturity, academic achievement, and athletics.
D. feel embarrassed by unwanted attention from older females.

Answer 46

B. have an advantage in terms of popularity and athletics.

Question 47

Punishment and obedience are to the _____ level as internalized legal and moral principles are to the _____ level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

postconventional; conventional
preconventional; postconventional
conventional; preconventional
preconventional; conventional

Answer 47

preconventional; postconventional

Question 48

Phenotype is to genotype as:

A. inherited genes are to expressed characteristics.
B. expressed characteristics are to inherited genes.
C. recessive traits are to dominant traits.
D. dominant traits are to recessive traits.

Answer 48

B. expressed characteristics are to inherited genes.

Question 49

Rachel describes herself in this way: “I go to Emerson school and I like to play with my friend Heather. I have a dog and two parakeets.” Sarah describes herself in this way: “I am not very self-confident, but I believe that I am a unique person who was put on this earth for some reason. My goals include becoming a better person, helping others, and possibly running for political office someday.” From their descriptions of themselves, what age would you predict each to be?

A. Rachel and Sarah are probably both adolescents.
B. Rachel is an adolescent, and Sarah is in middle childhood.
C. Rachel and Sarah are both children.
D. Rachel is in middle childhood, while Sarah is an adolescent.

Answer 49

D. Rachel is in middle childhood, while Sarah is an adolescent.

Question 50

Jack and Maggie are both 35 years old. How are their relationships with same-sex friends likely to differ?

A. Jack shares activities with his male friends, while Maggie talks to her female friends about her feelings, problems, and interpersonal relationships.
B. Jack primarily talks to his male friends about his problems and his marriage, and Maggie tends to go shopping, play golf, and go bowling with her female friends.
C. Both Maggie and Jack are likely to talk to their same-sex friends about their feelings, personal problems, and relationships.
D. Jack is more likely than Maggie to benefit from his friendships.

Answer 50

A. Jack shares activities with his male friends, while Maggie talks to her female friends about her feelings, problems, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 51

Some aspects of development, such as prenatal development and language development, are closely tied to _____ which are periods during which a child is maximally sensitive to environmental influences.

germinal periods
critical periods
embryonic periods
fetal periods

Answer 51

critical periods

Question 52

The U.S. custom of putting young infants to sleep in a separate room from their parents seems to reflect which cultural values?

A. the importance of interdependence
B. the importance of self-reliance and independence
C. the importance of the parents’ sexual relationship
D. the importance of getting a full and undisturbed night’s sleep

Answer 52

B. the importance of self-reliance and independence

Question 53

Geri’s son wants to go to a football game on a school night. Without asking her son how he will get to the football game or when he will be home, Geri tells him that she doesn’t care if he goes or not. Geri is demonstrating which parenting style?

authoritarian
permissive-indulgent
authoritative
permissive-indifferent

Answer 53

permissive-indifferent

Question 54

As Tim was swinging his toy hammer, the hammer flew out of his hand and landed behind the couch and out of view. Rather than look for it, Tim acted as though the hammer no longer existed. Tim’s behavior suggests that he is in the _____ of cognitive development.

preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage

Answer 54

sensorimotor stage

Question 55

Which of the following represents the correct order of prenatal development?

A. embryonic period, germinal period, fetal period
B. fetal period, embryonic period, germinal period
C. germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period
D. germinal period, zygotic period, fetal period

Answer 55

C. germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period

Question 56

According to Carol Gilligan’s model of moral development:

A. women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.
B. men and women have very similar approaches to moral reasoning and both use a mix of care and justice perspectives.
C. men, more than women, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.
D. moral reasoning predicts moral behavior for men but not for women.

Answer 56

A. women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.

Question 57

When Ryan brings home his spelling and math papers from the second grade, Ryan’s stepmother expresses pride in his work and posts the papers on the refrigerator for the other family members to see. In terms of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, Ryan’s stepmother is fostering a sense of _____ in Ryan.

generativity
identity
industry
autonomy

Answer 57

industry

Question 58

Vicki was sitting in the rocking chair and playing with her doll. She dropped the doll, which landed out of view behind the rocking chair. A few moments later, Vicki climbed down and retrieved the doll. Vicki’s behavior suggests that she has acquired the understanding of:

object permanence.
abstract reasoning.
centration.
conservation.

Answer 58

object permanence

Question 59

Jonathan is a normal toddler who has just celebrated his second birthday. Jonathan’s parents can reasonably expect that he will shortly enter which stage of language development?

the one-word stage
the two-word stage
the complex sentence stage
the cooing and babbling stage

Answer 59

the two-word stage

Question 59

Richard’s daughter Linda wants to go to a concert on a school night and come home past her usual curfew. Richard says, “If it’s that important to you, I’ll pay for the ticket and let you take my car.” Richard is demonstrating which parenting style?

ambivalent
permissive-indulgent
permissive-indifferent
authoritative

Answer 59

permissive-indulgent

Question 60

Because different genotypes react differently to environmental factors, psychologists and other scientists speak of _____ to develop in a particular way.

the genetic predisposition
the genetic blueprint
the environmental predisposition
the epigenetic tendency

Answer 60

the genetic predisposition

Question 61

A teratogen is a:

A. specific type of genetic mutation that typically results in severe birth defects.
B. harmful agent, such as a chemical, drug, or disease, which can cause abnormal development or birth defects.
C. segment of DNA that is sometimes found on both the X and Y chromosome and that commonly results in mental retardation.
D. recessive gene which is usually found only on the Y chromosome and that causes hemophilia and red-green color blindness in males.

Answer 61

B. harmful agent, such as a chemical, drug, or disease, which can cause abnormal development or birth defects.

Question 61

Fourteen-month-old Adrian can say “bye-bye,” “mama,” “da-da,” and “doggie.” You can safely conclude that Adrian:

A. cannot distinguish between friendly and angry talking.
B. cannot respond to a simple command, such as “Give mama the ball.”
C. understands many more words than he can speak.
D. will enter the two-word stage within the next month.

Answer 61

C. understands many more words than he can speak

Question 62

Marlene’s son begs to go to a baseball game on a school night. After some consideration, Marlene says she will take him as long as he finishes his homework before the game and promises to go to bed as soon as they get home. Marlene is demonstrating what kind of parenting style?

authoritarian
permissive-indulgent
authoritative
permissive-indifferent

Answer 62

authoritative

Question 63

Linda is trying to select a high-quality day care center for her 2-year-old daughter. Which of the following day-care characteristics is NOT associated with high-quality care?

A. A low caregiver-to-child ratio should exist.
B. An availability of a wide variety of toys and other developmentally appropriate activities should be readily available.
C. Caregivers are warm, responsive, and well-trained.
D. Caregivers are frequently reassigned to different groups of children, so that children do not become overly attached to a particular caregiver.

Answer 63

D. Caregivers are frequently reassigned to different groups of children, so that children do not become overly attached to a particular caregiver.

Question 64

Harrison is 15 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year. These changes are examples of:

epigenetic characteristics.
primary sex characteristics.
menarche.
secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 64

secondary sex characteristicS

Question 65

Which of the following represents the correct order of the four psychosocial conflicts that characterize the adolescent and adult years in Erikson’s theory?

A. Identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, intimacy versus isolation, ego integrity versus despair
B. identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair
C. intimacy versus isolation, identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair

Answer 65

B. identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair

Question 66

Heather is in her fourth month of a healthy pregnancy, and she has started to experience _____ which means that she can feel the fetus moving.

epigenetic movement
quickening
rooting
induction

Answer 66

quickening

Question 67

Renee likes helping her teacher with classroom chores, and enjoys the praise she gets for being a good student and for following the rules set by her teacher so as to win her approval. Kohlberg would say that Renee is operating at the ________ level of moral reasoning.

conventional
preoperational
preconventional
postconventional

Answer 67

conventional