4&14. Chemical bonding and structure

Question 1

Cation

Answer 1

+ve ion

Question 2

Anion

Answer 2

-ve ion

Question 3

Polyatomic ion

Answer 3

Ion formed of multiple atoms covalently bonded

Question 4

Ionic bond

Answer 4

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges.

Question 5

Covalent bond

Answer 5

formed by the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the positively charged nuclei.

Question 6

Shape of molecule with 2 charge centres

Answer 6

Linear 180

Question 7

Shape of molecule with 3 charge centres

Answer 7

Trigonal planar 120, 180

Question 8

Shape of molecule with 4 charge centres

Answer 8

Tetrahedral 108.5

Question 9

London forces

Answer 9

a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

formed between a hydrogen atom bonded to a fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom with a pair of lone electrons.

Question 11

Metalic structure

Answer 11

lattice structure of cations and delocalised outer shell electrons.

Question 12

Sigma bonds

Answer 12

bonds formed by the direct head-on/end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals, resulting in electron density concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms.

Question 13

Pi bonds

Answer 13

bonds formed by the sideways overlap of atomic orbitals, resulting in electron density above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms.

Question 14

Formal charge

Answer 14

the charge each atom would have if all atoms had the same electronegativity and is therefore found by subtracting the total number of dots and lines attached to the atom from the number of valence electrons.

Question 15

 Hybridization =

Answer 15

the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals that are better arranged for covalent bonding.