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IB Chemistry Definitions > 10&20. Organic > Flashcards

10&20. Organic Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane

A

-ane

CH2

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2
Q

Alkene

A

-ene
-CH=CH-
Alkenyl

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3
Q

Alkyne

A

-yne
-C≡C-
alkynyl

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4
Q

Halogenoalkane

A

Chloro, bromo etc
-F, -Cl etc
Halogen

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5
Q

Ether

A

-oxy-
-O-
ether

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6
Q

Alcohol

A

-ol
OH
Hydroxyl

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7
Q

Aldehyde

A

-al
-CHO
Carbonyl

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8
Q

Ketone

A

-one
-CO-
Carbonyl

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9
Q

Ester

A

-oate
-COO-
Ester

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10
Q

Carboxylic acide

A

-oic acid
-COOH
carboxyl

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11
Q

Amine

A

-amine
-NH2
Amino

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12
Q

Amide

A

-amide
CONH2
Carboxymide

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13
Q

Nitrile

A

-nitrile
-CN
Nitrile

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14
Q

Arene

A

-benzene or phenyl-

Phenyl

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15
Q

Primary, secondary and teritiary molecules

A

A primary carbon in bonded to just one hydrocarbon chain, a secondary to two and a tertiary to three.

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16
Q

Structural isomers

A

= two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

17
Q

Saturated compound

A

Molecule with no double or triple bonds

18
Q

Free radical

A

an uncharged species that has an unpaired valence electron

19
Q

Electrophile

A

an electron-deficient species that can accept electron pairs from a nucleophile.

20
Q

Markovnikov’s rule

A

when hydrogen halides add to asymmetrical alkenes, the hydrogen atom always adds to the carbon atom that already has the most hydrogen atoms bonded to it.

21
Q

How can an aldehyde be formed?

A

Oxidation of an alcohol

Reduction of carboxylic acid

22
Q

How can a carboxylic acid be formed?

A

Oxidation of an aldehyde

Oxidation of an alchohol (via an aldehyde)

23
Q

How can an alcohol be formed?

A

Addition of an alkane
Substitution of a halogenoalkane
Reduction of a ketone
Reduction of an aldehyde

24
Q

How can a ketone be formed?

A

Oxidation of an alcohol

25
Q

How can an ester be formed?

A

Addition of an alcohol and carboxylic acid

26
Q

How can a halogenoalkane be formed?

A

Substitution of an alkane

Addition of an alkene

27
Q

How can an alkane be formed?

A

Cracking of an alkene

28
Q

How can a dihalogenoalkane be formed

A

Addition of an alkene

29
Q

How can a polymer be formed?

A

Polymerisation of alkene

30
Q

How can nitrobenzene be formed?

A

Substitution of benzene

31
Q

How can phenylamine be formed?

A

Reduction of nitrobenzene

32
Q

Stereoisomer

A

Different orientations of atoms in space

33
Q

Conformational isomers

A

Can be converted by rotation around a single bond

34
Q

Configurational isomers

A

Cannot be converted by rotation around a single bond

35
Q

Cis-trans isomers

A

Occur due to the restricted rotation around atoms

36
Q

Optical isomers

A

Exist as chiral compounds with asymmetric carbon atoms.

37
Q

Racemic mixtures

A

contain equal amounts of each isomer

IB Chemistry Definitions (10 decks)

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