10&20. Organic

Question 1

Alkane

Answer 1

-ane

CH2

Question 2

Alkene

Answer 2

-ene
-CH=CH-
Alkenyl

Question 3

Alkyne

Answer 3

-yne
-C≡C-
alkynyl

Question 4

Halogenoalkane

Answer 4

Chloro, bromo etc
-F, -Cl etc
Halogen

Question 5

Ether

Answer 5

-oxy-
-O-
ether

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

-ol
OH
Hydroxyl

Question 7

Aldehyde

Answer 7

-al
-CHO
Carbonyl

Question 8

Ketone

Answer 8

-one
-CO-
Carbonyl

Question 9

Ester

Answer 9

-oate
-COO-
Ester

Question 10

Carboxylic acide

Answer 10

-oic acid
-COOH
carboxyl

Question 11

Amine

Answer 11

-amine
-NH2
Amino

Question 12

Amide

Answer 12

-amide
CONH2
Carboxymide

Question 13

Nitrile

Answer 13

-nitrile
-CN
Nitrile

Question 14

Arene

Answer 14

-benzene or phenyl-

Phenyl

Question 15

Primary, secondary and teritiary molecules

Answer 15

A primary carbon in bonded to just one hydrocarbon chain, a secondary to two and a tertiary to three.

Question 16

Structural isomers

Answer 16

= two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Question 17

Saturated compound

Answer 17

Molecule with no double or triple bonds

Question 18

Free radical

Answer 18

an uncharged species that has an unpaired valence electron

Question 19

Electrophile

Answer 19

an electron-deficient species that can accept electron pairs from a nucleophile.

Question 20

Markovnikov’s rule

Answer 20

when hydrogen halides add to asymmetrical alkenes, the hydrogen atom always adds to the carbon atom that already has the most hydrogen atoms bonded to it.

Question 21

How can an aldehyde be formed?

Answer 21

Oxidation of an alcohol

Reduction of carboxylic acid

Question 22

How can a carboxylic acid be formed?

Answer 22

Oxidation of an aldehyde

Oxidation of an alchohol (via an aldehyde)

Question 23

How can an alcohol be formed?

Answer 23

Addition of an alkane
Substitution of a halogenoalkane
Reduction of a ketone
Reduction of an aldehyde

Question 24

How can a ketone be formed?

Answer 24

Oxidation of an alcohol

Question 25

How can an ester be formed?

Answer 25

Addition of an alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 26

How can a halogenoalkane be formed?

Answer 26

Substitution of an alkane | Addition of an alkene

Question 27

How can an alkane be formed?

Answer 27

Cracking of an alkene

Question 28

How can a dihalogenoalkane be formed

Answer 28

Addition of an alkene

Question 29

How can a polymer be formed?

Answer 29

Polymerisation of alkene

Question 30

How can nitrobenzene be formed?

Answer 30

Substitution of benzene

Question 31

How can phenylamine be formed?

Answer 31

Reduction of nitrobenzene

Question 32

Stereoisomer

Answer 32

Different orientations of atoms in space

Question 33

Conformational isomers

Answer 33

Can be converted by rotation around a single bond

Question 34

Configurational isomers

Answer 34

Cannot be converted by rotation around a single bond

Question 35

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 35

Occur due to the restricted rotation around atoms

Question 36

Optical isomers

Answer 36

Exist as chiral compounds with asymmetric carbon atoms.

Question 37

Racemic mixtures

Answer 37

contain equal amounts of each isomer