3.Volcanic Hazards and Impacts

Question 1

Pyrostatic Flow

Answer 1

Very hot, gas charged, high-velocity flows made up of a mixture of gas and tephra
Hug the ground and flow down the sides of the volcano (700km/h)
Primary impact

Question 2

Lahars

Answer 2

Secondary effect
Destructive mudflow which occurs from volcanic eruption melting ice caps causing ash to mix with water, high speed movement
Eg Mount Pinatubo in Philippenes

Question 3

Tephra

Answer 3

Solid material ranging from volcanic bombs to ash, ejected into atmosphere
Strong winds can blow ash around the earth, reducing radiation and cooling the earth
Primary effect

Question 4

Nuees Ardentes

Answer 4

Dense rapidly moving cloud of hot gases, ashes and lava, a type of pyrostatic flow
Primary effect

Question 5

Volcanic landslides

Answer 5

Secondary effects
Range in size from 1km3 to 100k3
High velocity and great momentum allows them to cross between valleys