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[MT 6320] Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory > [3S] Enterobacterales > Flashcards

[3S] Enterobacterales Flashcards

1
Q

How many families are in Order Enterobacterales?

A

9

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2
Q

GENERALITIES

Morphology of order enterobacterales

A

Gram neg enteric coccobacilli / short plump bacilli

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3
Q

GENERALITIES

Heterogenous group inhabiting the GI tract of humans & animals as well as found in the environment

A

Family Enterobacterales

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4
Q

GENERALITIES

3 true pathogens

A

SYS

Shigella
Yersinia
Salmonella

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5
Q

GENERALITIES

  1. Not normal flora
  2. Associated with a disease
A

True Pathogens

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6
Q

Odd Man Out: GENERALITIES

Facultative Anaerobes
Family Enterobacterales
Sporeformers
Mostly gamma hemolytic

A

Sporeformers (non-spore dpt)

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7
Q

GENERALITIES

On _____: large moist, circular convex gray colonies

A

BAP/CAP

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8
Q

GENERALITIES

Bacteria that has subsurface greening (H2S +) on BAP/CAP

A

Proteus
Edwardsiella
Citrobacter

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9
Q

GENERALITIES

Most gamma hemolytic except

A

E. coli

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10
Q

T/F: Enterics are able to grow on MAC

A

T

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11
Q

GENERALITIES

Most are non-capsulated except

A

Klebsiella & Enterobacter

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12
Q

GENERALITIES

T/F: Growth of enteric pathogens can be enhanced using enrichment broth

A

T

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13
Q
  1. GN broth
  2. Selenite F
  3. Tetrathionate
A

Enrichment Broths

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14
Q

GENERALITIES

Basis of serologic typing

A

Antigenic Structure

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15
Q

Odd Man Out: Antigenic Structure - Heat labile

O
H
K

A

O (heat stable sya)

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16
Q

Antigen of S. typhi

A

Vi Ag

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17
Q

GENERALITIES

All are motile at 37 C except

A

Kleb
Shige
Y. pestis

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18
Q

BC TESTS

All are Catalase (+) except

A

S. dysenteriae

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19
Q

BC TESTS

All are Oxidase (-) except

A

Plesiomonas

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20
Q

BC TESTS

T/F: All are Nitrate oxidizers except Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, some biotypes of Pantoea agglomerans, some species of Serratia and Yersinia

A

F; reducers

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21
Q

BC TESTS

Vector Borne

A

Y. pestis

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22
Q

GENERALITIES

T/F: All are Glucose Fermenters

A

T

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23
Q

GENERALITIES

Most are Xylose Fermenters except

A

Shigella

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24
Q

GENERALITIES

Sucrose Fermenter

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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25
Q

RAPID Lactose Fermenters (18-24 hrs)

A

EKE

● Escherichia
● Klebsiella
● Enterobacter

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26
Q

LATE Lactose Fermenters (48 hrs or more)

A

CHSSS

● Citrobacter
● Hafnia — may be NLF
● Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae (Salmonella arizonae)
● Serratia
● Shigella sonnei

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27
Q

T/F: Salmonella except S. enterica subsp. arizonae (Salmonella arizonae) is a NLF

A

F; lactose fermenter

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28
Q

T/F: Shigella is a NLF except S. sonnei

A

T

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29
Q

GENERALITIES

Deaminase (+)

A

PPM

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

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30
Q

GENERALITIES

Salmonella, Proteus, Citrobacter and Edwardsiella

A

H2S (+)

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31
Q

GENERALITIES

Voges Proskauer (+)

A

PSHEK group
● Proteus
● Serratia
● Hafnia
● Enterobacter
● Klebsiella

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32
Q

GENERALITIES

RAPID Urease Producers

A

● Proteus
● Providencia rettgeri
● Morganella morganii

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33
Q

GENERALITIES

LATE Urease Producers

A

CKEYS
● Citrobacter
● Klebsiella
● Enterobacter
● Yersinia
● Serratia

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34
Q

ODD MAN OUT: VIRULENCE AND ANTIGENIC FACTORS

● Plasmids
● Antigens — O, H, K
● Pili
● Flagella
● Enterotoxins
● Enzymes
● Fraction 1
● Endotoxin
● Antibiotic Resistance
● Chromosomally determined inducible AmpC Beta-lactamases

A

Fraction 1 - Yersinia

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35
Q

ODD MAN OUT: ANTIBIO RESISTANCE

Morganella
Y. enterolitica
S. marcesens
Providencia
Proteus
Aeromonas
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

A

Proteus (tandaan m MYSPACE organisms)

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36
Q

● Normal flora of colon
● Common Name: “Colon Bacillus”

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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37
Q

● Associated with UTIs, CNS infections, sepsis, endotoxin induced shock, and diarrheal diseases
● Distant relative of Shigella (cross reactions)

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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38
Q

IMViC: ++–

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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39
Q

TESTS

LDC +
ODC +
ADH -
4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D Glucuronide Test (MUG) +

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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40
Q

On EMB: purple colonies w/ green metallic sheen

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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41
Q

ODD MAN OUT: E. coli Virulence Factors

● Pili
● Cytolysins
● Aerobactins
● W Lipoprotein
● O, H, K Antigens

A

W Lipoprotein - Yersinia

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42
Q

E. COLI

Most common cause of Urinary Tract Infections

A

UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI

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43
Q

E. COLI

Primary Virulence Factor of UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI

A

Pili

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44
Q

E. COLI

OMO: Uropathogenic E. coli Virulence Factors

● Pili
● Hemolysins
● Cytolysins
● Aerobactins
● Flagella

A

Flagella

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45
Q

E. COLI

● A common cause of watery diarrhea among adults and children
● “Traveler’s Diarrhea”/ Turista/ Montezuma’s
Revenge
● Weanling Diarrhea

A

ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)

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46
Q

E. COLI

● Self-limiting
● S/S Profuse Watery diarrhea, cramps, no fever,
vomiting not common;
● High Infective Dose for disease to occur (106 to 1010
organisms)

A

ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)

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47
Q

E. COLI

OMO: ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)

○ Fimbriae
○ Heat Labile Toxin — (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
○ Heat Stable Toxin — (guanyl cyclase)
○ Presence of Colonization Factor Antigen
○ Cytolysins

A

Cytolysins

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48
Q

E. COLI

● Infantile Diarrhea
● S/S Low grade fever, malaise, vomiting, Diarrhea,
mucoid stools but no blood; occasional presence of
fecal leukocytes

A

ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)

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49
Q

ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)

Capable of Adhering to intestinal cells capable of
producing lesions called?

A

“attaching and effacing lesions”

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50
Q

ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)

Adhesion on HEp-2 cell cultures

A

“attaching and effacing lesions”

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51
Q

E. COLI

● Shiga-like
● S/S differ greatly from EPEC and ETEC

A

ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)

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52
Q

E. COLI

Targets: Colonic epithelial cells

A

ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)

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53
Q

E. COLI

● Dysentery, invasion and destruction of intestinal wall
● Fever, severe abdominal cramps, malaise and watery
diarrhea; abundant fecal leukocytes

A

ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)

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54
Q

E. COLI

● May be mis-ID as Shigella
● MOT: Fecal Oral Route

A

ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)

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55
Q

E. COLI

● Most Important Strain: 0157:H7
○ Implicated in an outbreak of hemorrhagic diarrhea, colitis and hemolytic uremic
syndrome (HUS)

A
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56
Q

E. COLI

S/S: watery to bloody diarrhea and colitis with no
WBCs in stools

A
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57
Q

E. COLI

Processed meats, undercooked ground meat, unpasteurized dairy products and apple cider, bean sprouts, and spinach

A
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58
Q

E. COLI

OMO: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli VF

Cytotoxins
Verotoxin I (Stxl)
Verotoxin II (Stx2)

A

wla

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59
Q

E. COLI

OMO: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Culture

○ SMAC (sorbitol negative colonies)
○ CT-SMAC
○ CHROMagar 015

A

wla tinatamad nk magicp

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60
Q

E. COLI

Hamburger Syndrome

A

ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC/ SHIGA-TOXIN/ VEROCYTOTOXIC E. COLI

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61
Q

E.COLI

non motile strain; also associated with HUS

A

Escherichia coli 0157: NM

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62
Q

E.COLI

T/F: All are MUG test (-) except EHEC

A

F; MUG test (+)

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63
Q

E.COLI

○ Diffusely Adherent E. coli
○ Enteroaggregative E. coli

A

ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI

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64
Q

E.COLI

Uropathogenic DAEC Strains:
cystitis, acute pyelonephritis

A

ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI: Diffusely Adherent E. coli

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65
Q

E.COLI

■ Watery Diarrhea, vomiting,
dehydration, occasional abdominal pain
■ “Stacked Brick Pattern”

A

ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI: Enteroaggregative E. coli

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66
Q

E.COLI

Gene: aggR
○ Responsible for cellular adherence

A

ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI

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67
Q

E.COLI

VF of Enteroadherent E. coli

A

Fimbriae

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68
Q

● Extraintestinal Infections
○ MNEC
■ Meningitis/Sepsis Associated E.coli
● Neonatal Meningitis
● Capsular K1 antigen

A

E. coli

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69
Q

Other Escherichia species

yellow pigmented organism

A

Escherichia hermanii, E. vulneris

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70
Q

Other Escherichia species

diarrhea among children

A

E. albertii

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71
Q

● Normal Habitat: GI Tract of humans and animals
● Found in environment
● Causes Opportunistic and Nosocomial infections
○ UTI, pneumonia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections
● Capsulated
● Most are Non-Motile

A

KLEBSIELLEAE

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72
Q

BC TESTS

Indole -
VP +
Gas Prod +
Citrate +
KCN +
Late Urease

A

KLEBSIELLEAE

73
Q

Raoutella that is indole & ODC +

A

R. ornithinolytica

74
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Most commonly isolated
● Common Name: Friedlander’s Bacillus/Bacillus
capsulatus

A

K. PNEUMONIAE

75
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Lower respiratory tract infections
■ Lobar pneumonia
■ Currant jelly like sputum
■ Lung Abscess; hemoptysis; hemorrhage
■ UTIs and wound infections, liver abscess, bacteremia
● High case of antimicrobial resistance

A

K. PNEUMONIAE

76
Q

KLEBSIELLA

○ Able to cause infection among healthy ambulatory patients
○ Unusual sites of infection (liver, eyes, CSF)
○ Metastatic spread
○ Production of hypermucoviscous colonies

A

K. pneumoniae (hvKp)

77
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Resistant to all B-lactam antibiotics

A

ST258

78
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Produces infections similar to K. pneumoniae
● Also causes antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis
● Characteristic Biochemical Test: Indole (+)

A

KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA

79
Q

KLEBSIELLA

IMVIC: +-++

A

KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA

80
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Recovered from nasal secretions and cerebral abscess
● Causes atrophic rhinitis (ozena) - FETID ATROPHY
● Presence of plasmid mediated ESBLs

A

KLEBSIELLA OZAENAE

81
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Isolated from patients with rhinoscleroma

A

KLEBSIELLA RHINOSCLEROMATIS

82
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
● STD
● Fastidious encapsulated bacillus
● Intracellular

A

KLEBSIELLA GRANULOMATIS

83
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Associated with Granuloma Inguinale/Donovanosis
● Diagnostic Feature: Donovan Bodies in tissue or
biopsy specimens

A

KLEBSIELLA GRANULOMATIS

84
Q

KLEBSIELLA

● Formerly Enterobacter aerogenes
● Healthcare associated infections (UTIs, sepsis,
post-neurological meningitis)
● MDR – carbapenem resistant strains report

A

KLEBSIELLA AEROGENES

85
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Found in contaminated medical devices (IV Fluids)

A

KLEBSIELLA AEROGENES

86
Q

● Habitat: Intestinal Tract of Humans and animals; found in the environment
● Cause nosocomial and opportunistic infections
● Capsulated
● Significant members are Motile

A

ENTEROBACTER

87
Q

BC TESTS

VP, Citrate, KCN broth, ODC +
mostly LDC +
some Urease +

A

ENTEROBACTER

88
Q

Enterobacter that is LDC -

A

E. asburiae, E. cloacae (E. cancerogenous, E. horma)

88
Q

ENTEROBACTER

recovered from respiratory samples

A

E. gergoviae

89
Q

ENTEROBACTER

○ Causes osteomyelitis after traumatic wounds
○ On MacConkey: colonies with purple centers
after extended incubation
○ Not susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins (Resistant)

A

E. cancerogenus (E. taylorae)

90
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii (formerly: Enterobacter sakazakii)

A

CRONOBACTER

91
Q

● ’’Yellow Pigmented Enterobacter cloacae”
● Causes meningitis and bacteremia among neonates

A

CRONOBACTER

92
Q

● Distinct Feature: Yellow colonies; mucoid in BHI
● Yellow pigment further subjected to the biochemical
tests: Indole, Catalase, Oxidase, VP

A

CRONOBACTER

93
Q

● Contams infant milk formulas
● fusA & rpoB gene

A

CRONOBACTER

94
Q

Formerly Enterobacter agglomerans
○ Gr (-) aerobic bacillus; appear in rods

A

PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS

95
Q

● Septicemia (healthcare settings) IV fluids, parenteral nutrition
● Traumatic injury from contaminated soil
○ Wound infections, septic arthritis,
osteomyelitis

A

PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS

96
Q

Opportunistic pathogens associated with outbreaks in health care settings (bacteremia, urinary, respiratory tract infections)

A

SERRATIA

96
Q

Triple Decarboxylase Negative

A

PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS

97
Q

Production of Red Prodigiosin pigment (2-methyl-3-amyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene)
○ Bioactive secondary metabolite produced by
the organism
○ Biosurfactant; incubated at 30 C and stop
producing pigment at 37 C

A

SERRATIA

97
Q

BC TESTS

ONPG, DNAse + except fonticola
Lipase +
Gelatinase, LDC +
ADH -

A

SERRATIA

98
Q

SERRATIA

most significant; healthcare associated infections (RT and Urinary Tract infections, bacteremia)

A

Serratia marcescens

99
Q

SERRATIA

“rotten potato odor”

A

Serratia odorifera

99
Q

● Linked to an emerging cause of gastroenteritis; isolated in stool cultures
● Also linked to hemolytic uremic syndrome, graft versus host disease, sepsis

A

HAFNIA ALVEI

100
Q

Cause spoilage due to the action of the enzymes they produce in food (minced meat / dairy products)

A

HAFNIA ALVEI

100
Q

BC TESTS

Citrate + (delayed)
ONPG +
Lactose, Sucrose, Lipase, Gelatinase, DNAse -

A

HAFNIA ALVEI

100
Q

UTIs, wound, ear, infections, nosocomial infections, kidney stone formation

A

PROTEUS

101
Q

● Normal flora of the GI Tract; found in the environment
● Opportunistic Pathogens; Nosocomial Infections
● Distinct Biochemical Test:
○ Non-lactose Fermenters
○ Deaminase (+)
○ Motile

A

PROTEUS, PROVIDENCIA, MORGANELLA

101
Q

● Gr (-) rod shaped and facultative anaerobic
● Majority are lactose (-) with swarming motility

A

PROTEUS

102
Q

Proteus that is H2S -

A

Proteus penneri

103
Q

Odor: Burnt Chocolate

A

PROTEUS

104
Q

BC TESTS

MR, KCN +
Rapid Urease

A

PROTEUS

105
Q

PROTEUS, PROVIDENCIA, MORGANELLA

Differentiated by Indole Test and ODC Test

A

Proteus

106
Q

● Gr (-) bacilli, Motile, not lactose fermenters
○ distinguished by their ability to deaminate
phenylalanine and lysine
● Causes UTIs, diarrhea among travelers and children
● nosocomial infections

A

PROVIDENCIA

107
Q

PROVIDENCIA

burn units

A

P. stuartii

108
Q

PROVIDENCIA

UTI, diarrhea

A

P. rettgeri

109
Q

● Only recognized human pathogen
● Opportunistic Pathogen (humans)
● Causes bacteremia, wound infections (aquatic incidents)

A

EDWARDSIELLA TARDA

109
Q

BC TESTS

IMViC: ++-+
Rapid Urease for rettgeri

A

PROVIDENCIA

110
Q

● Non lactose fermenting G(-) bacteria
● Has the capacity to produce urease and presence of phenylalanine deaminase
● Gelatin liquefaction and hydrogen sulfide production

A

MORGANELLA MORGANII

111
Q

BC TESTS

LDC, Citrate, Lactose -

A

MORGANELLA MORGANII

112
Q

● Implicated in UTIs, neonatal sepsis
● Motile but does not swarm

A

MORGANELLA MORGANII

113
Q

BC TESTS

LDC, ODC, H2S, Indole +
Urease, Citrate -

A

EDWARDSIELLA TARDA

114
Q

● IMViC: ++–
● Produce large amt of H2S

A

EDWARDSIELLA TARDA

115
Q

● Straight, facultative anaerobic, Gr (-) bacilli
● Motile (peritrichous flagella)
● Formerly under Salmonellae
● Normal Flora of GI Tract
● Causes nosocomial infections, UTIs, pneumonia, meningitis
● Maybe mistaken for Salmonella

A

CITROBACTER

116
Q

BC TESTS

Citrate, ONPG, MR +

A

CITROBACTER

117
Q

CITROBACTER

UTIs, pneumonia, diarrhea, intraabdominal abscess, endocarditis among drug users, hospital acquired infections

A

C. FREUNDII

118
Q

CITROBACTER

Neonatal meningitis; brain abscess

A

C. KOSERI

118
Q

OTHER ENTERICS

● Recovered in respiratory, urine, CSF and blood cultures
● Some may produce reddish blue/violet pigment
● May look like E. coli on Mac

A

KLUYVERA

119
Q

OTHER ENTERICS

● Oxidase (+)
● Gr (-) straight bacilli in singles or in pairs
● Motile (polar flagellum; monotrichous or lophotrichous) Not a normal flora of GI

A

PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES

119
Q

OTHER ENTERICS

● Habitat: Freshwater and estuarine waters
● Causes: Gastroenteritis (cholera like illness)
● Ingestion of uncooked shellfish
● Share some biochemical features with Shigella

A

PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES

120
Q

OTHER ENTERICS

Growth in 6% NaCl -
Oxidase, Glucose Fermentation +
Susceptible to O/129 strains

A

PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES

121
Q

OTHER ENTERICS

Triple Decarboxylase +

A

PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES

122
Q

● Primary Intestinal Pathogens
● Not a part of the normal flora of humans
● Salmonella: GI illnesses
● Shigella: GI Illnesses
● Yersinia: zoonotic; transmitted by wild animals and ticks; variety of disease

A

TRUE PATHOGENS

123
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS

T/F: Salmonella has 2 biochemically discrete species previously. Currently, only 3 are recognized

A

F; 3 bc discrete & 2 recognized

124
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS

Citrate +
H2S + exc. arizonae
Motility + exc. pullorum & gallinarum
Lactose Fermentation - exc. arizonae
Indole, VP, Deaminase, Urease, KCN -

A

SALMONELLA

125
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS: VIRULENCE FACTORS

● Fimbriae and most especially enterotoxins are implicated as significant virulence factors
○ Allows them to colonize the upper ileum region of the Gastrointestinal tract
● Ability to traverse intestinal mucosa

A

SALMONELLA

126
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS: MOT

Ingestion of contaminated water or food (poultry, dairy products), containing animal feces; transmitted human to human (carrier state)

A

SALMONELLA

127
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS: ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES

Classification based on __________
○ O, H, and K (Vi Ag) Ag serotyping

A

Kaufmann-White

128
Q

TRUE PATHOGENS

● Gastroenteritis
● Bacteremia or Septicemia without GI symptoms
● Enteric Fever
● Carrier State
● Focal Infections (osteomyelitis; meningitis; brain abscess; endocarditis)

A

SALMONELLA

129
Q

SALMONELLA

non typhoidal fever w/ or w/o gastroenteritis

A

S. serotype Cholerasuis

129
Q

SALMONELLA

paratyphoid fever w/ or w/o gastroenteritis

A

S. serotype Paratyphi

129
Q

SALMONELLA

typhoid fever (humans are the only reservoir)

A

S. serotype Typhi

130
Q

SALMONELLA

food poisoning (dairy products)

A

S. serotype Typhimurium

131
Q

SALMONELLA

dairy products; ice cream

A

S. Enteritidis

132
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: GASTROENTERITIS

● Food poisoning (poultry and dairy products)
● Ingestion of poultry, dairy products, peanut butter
other foodstuffs
● Invasion of epithelial cells of intestinal tract

A

S. Typhimurium

133
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: GASTROENTERITIS

● Cholera-Like Toxin; main Virulence Factor
● S/S Watery Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever

A

S. Typhimurium

134
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES

● Caused by Salmonella Typhi
○ No animal reservoir; transmitted by carriers,
contaminated food
● Invades intestinal epithelial cells and invades lymph nodes and disseminates to other organs Facultative Intracellular Parasite

A

TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)

135
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)

What week?

fever, dull frontal headache, malaise, body pain, constipated (“scybalous” stool)

A

1st Week

136
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)

What week?

intestinal tract, “rose spots” appear; diarrheic stools

A

2nd and 3rd Week

137
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)

What week?

Develop antibodies

A

5th week

138
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES

● Most often caused by Salmonella Choleraesuis
● Usually seen among patients with underlying diseases or children with enterocolitis

A

BACTEREMIA (SEPSIS)

139
Q

SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES

● Common sequelae: salmonella osteomyelitis
● Carrier State: harbored in the gallbladder
○ “Typhoid Mary”

A

BACTEREMIA (SEPSIS)

140
Q

also associated with handling of reptiles, amphibians

A

Salmonella infections

141
Q

● Closely related to Escherichia
● Humans are the only reservoir

A

SHIGELLA

142
Q

● Biochemically inert members of Family
Enterobacteriaceae
● Causes shigellosis/bacillary dysentery (enterocolitis)

A

SHIGELLA

143
Q

BC TESTS

-+–

A

SHIGELLA

144
Q

BC TESTS

MR +
Citrate, Xylose Fermentation, H2S, LDC -
Lactose Fermentation exc. sonnei
Motility -
Gas Production -

A

SHIGELLA

145
Q

MOT of Shigella

A

Fecal-oral, contaminated food/water

145
Q

OMO: Shigella VF
● Shiga-toxin
● Pili
● Endotoxin
● Neurotoxin
● Invasive property

A

Pili

146
Q

T/F: All Shigella possess O antigens, some species possess K antigen

A

T

147
Q

● < 10 yrs are most affected, < 1 yrs most susceptible
● Low Infective Dose
● Manifestations: fever chills, cramps, diarrhea, pain and tenesmus 24-48 hrs after ingestion
○ Intestines then to colon
○ Bloody, with pus, and mucoid stool

A

SHIGELLA

148
Q

SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)

Duval’s

A

D - S. sonnei

148
Q

SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)

Endotoxin, enterotoxin, neurotoxin, invasiveness

A

A - S. dysenteriae

149
Q

SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)

Strong’s bacillus

A

B - S. flexneri

150
Q

SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)

Newcastle Manchester

A

C - S. boydii

151
Q

Zoonotic; Disease of Rodents (tick bites or flea bites)

A

YERSINIA

152
Q

BC TESTS

Indole -
Motility at 37 C -
MR +
Urease + exc. pestis

A

YERSINIA

152
Q

YERSINIA

possess complete O-polysaccharide

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitic

152
Q

YERSINIA

lacks O-specific polysaccharide chain

A

Y. pestis

153
Q

● Transmitted to humans by fleas : flea-rodent-flea life cycle
● Facultative Intracellular Parasite

A

Yersinia

154
Q

● Causes: Plague/Bubonic Plague/Black Death
● Symptoms: high fever and buboes

A

Yersinia

155
Q

OMO: Yersinia VF
● Fraction1
● V (protein)
● W (lipoprotein)
● Cytolysins

A

Cytolysins

155
Q

YERSINIA FORM

● Incubation 1-7 days
● Most common
● S/S high fever, chills, weakness, headaches and
buboes (lymphadenitis), hemorrhages (blackish discoloration)
○ Buboes: Swelling of the armpits and groin
● Mildest form but high fatality if untreated

A

BUBONIC/GLANDULAR FORM

155
Q

YERSINIA FORM

Proliferation in blood; S/S high fever, delirium, seizures (children), septic shock and DIC. Black hemorrhagic splotches

A

SEPTICEMIC FORM

155
Q

YERSINIA FORM

S/S fever, malaise, cough chest pain, hemoptysis, that can lead to sepsis and death

A

PNEUMONIC FORM

156
Q

YERSINIA

● Most commonly isolated species
● Main Reservoir: Pigs
● Causes Yersiniosis

A

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

157
Q

YERSINIA

● S/S: mimics appendicitis, enteritis, arthritis, erythema
nodosum, septicemia (px with hemochromatosis)
● MOT: ingestion of contaminated food (pork meat, milk)
chitterlings (large intestines of pigs)

A

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

158
Q

YERSINIA

● Survival in cold temperatures (4C) (cold enrichment)
● Most common contaminant in blood products

A

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

159
Q

YERSINIA CULTURE

MAC SSA +
Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin Agar : Bull’s eye colonies

A

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

160
Q

YERSINIA

● Pathogen of rodents (guinea pigs), birds, rabbits
● Rare in humans
● Animals: S/S Caseous Swellings (Pseudotubercles)
● Humans: mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicemia

A

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS

[MT 6320] Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory (15 decks)

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