[3S] Enterobacterales Flashcards
How many families are in Order Enterobacterales?
9
GENERALITIES
Morphology of order enterobacterales
Gram neg enteric coccobacilli / short plump bacilli
GENERALITIES
Heterogenous group inhabiting the GI tract of humans & animals as well as found in the environment
Family Enterobacterales
GENERALITIES
3 true pathogens
SYS
Shigella
Yersinia
Salmonella
GENERALITIES
- Not normal flora
- Associated with a disease
True Pathogens
Odd Man Out: GENERALITIES
Facultative Anaerobes
Family Enterobacterales
Sporeformers
Mostly gamma hemolytic
Sporeformers (non-spore dpt)
GENERALITIES
On _____: large moist, circular convex gray colonies
BAP/CAP
GENERALITIES
Bacteria that has subsurface greening (H2S +) on BAP/CAP
Proteus
Edwardsiella
Citrobacter
GENERALITIES
Most gamma hemolytic except
E. coli
T/F: Enterics are able to grow on MAC
T
GENERALITIES
Most are non-capsulated except
Klebsiella & Enterobacter
GENERALITIES
T/F: Growth of enteric pathogens can be enhanced using enrichment broth
T
- GN broth
- Selenite F
- Tetrathionate
Enrichment Broths
GENERALITIES
Basis of serologic typing
Antigenic Structure
Odd Man Out: Antigenic Structure - Heat labile
O
H
K
O (heat stable sya)
Antigen of S. typhi
Vi Ag
GENERALITIES
All are motile at 37 C except
Kleb
Shige
Y. pestis
BC TESTS
All are Catalase (+) except
S. dysenteriae
BC TESTS
All are Oxidase (-) except
Plesiomonas
BC TESTS
T/F: All are Nitrate oxidizers except Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, some biotypes of Pantoea agglomerans, some species of Serratia and Yersinia
F; reducers
BC TESTS
Vector Borne
Y. pestis
GENERALITIES
T/F: All are Glucose Fermenters
T
GENERALITIES
Most are Xylose Fermenters except
Shigella
GENERALITIES
Sucrose Fermenter
Yersinia enterocolitica
RAPID Lactose Fermenters (18-24 hrs)
EKE
● Escherichia
● Klebsiella
● Enterobacter
LATE Lactose Fermenters (48 hrs or more)
CHSSS
● Citrobacter
● Hafnia — may be NLF
● Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae (Salmonella arizonae)
● Serratia
● Shigella sonnei
T/F: Salmonella except S. enterica subsp. arizonae (Salmonella arizonae) is a NLF
F; lactose fermenter
T/F: Shigella is a NLF except S. sonnei
T
GENERALITIES
Deaminase (+)
PPM
Proteus, Providencia, Morganella
GENERALITIES
Salmonella, Proteus, Citrobacter and Edwardsiella
H2S (+)
GENERALITIES
Voges Proskauer (+)
PSHEK group
● Proteus
● Serratia
● Hafnia
● Enterobacter
● Klebsiella
GENERALITIES
RAPID Urease Producers
● Proteus
● Providencia rettgeri
● Morganella morganii
GENERALITIES
LATE Urease Producers
CKEYS
● Citrobacter
● Klebsiella
● Enterobacter
● Yersinia
● Serratia
ODD MAN OUT: VIRULENCE AND ANTIGENIC FACTORS
● Plasmids
● Antigens — O, H, K
● Pili
● Flagella
● Enterotoxins
● Enzymes
● Fraction 1
● Endotoxin
● Antibiotic Resistance
● Chromosomally determined inducible AmpC Beta-lactamases
Fraction 1 - Yersinia
ODD MAN OUT: ANTIBIO RESISTANCE
Morganella
Y. enterolitica
S. marcesens
Providencia
Proteus
Aeromonas
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Proteus (tandaan m MYSPACE organisms)
● Normal flora of colon
● Common Name: “Colon Bacillus”
ESCHERICHIA COLI
● Associated with UTIs, CNS infections, sepsis, endotoxin induced shock, and diarrheal diseases
● Distant relative of Shigella (cross reactions)
ESCHERICHIA COLI
IMViC: ++–
ESCHERICHIA COLI
TESTS
LDC +
ODC +
ADH -
4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D Glucuronide Test (MUG) +
ESCHERICHIA COLI
On EMB: purple colonies w/ green metallic sheen
ESCHERICHIA COLI
ODD MAN OUT: E. coli Virulence Factors
● Pili
● Cytolysins
● Aerobactins
● W Lipoprotein
● O, H, K Antigens
W Lipoprotein - Yersinia
E. COLI
Most common cause of Urinary Tract Infections
UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI
E. COLI
Primary Virulence Factor of UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI
Pili
E. COLI
OMO: Uropathogenic E. coli Virulence Factors
● Pili
● Hemolysins
● Cytolysins
● Aerobactins
● Flagella
Flagella
E. COLI
● A common cause of watery diarrhea among adults and children
● “Traveler’s Diarrhea”/ Turista/ Montezuma’s
Revenge
● Weanling Diarrhea
ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)
E. COLI
● Self-limiting
● S/S Profuse Watery diarrhea, cramps, no fever,
vomiting not common;
● High Infective Dose for disease to occur (106 to 1010
organisms)
ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)
E. COLI
OMO: ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)
○ Fimbriae
○ Heat Labile Toxin — (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
○ Heat Stable Toxin — (guanyl cyclase)
○ Presence of Colonization Factor Antigen
○ Cytolysins
Cytolysins
E. COLI
● Infantile Diarrhea
● S/S Low grade fever, malaise, vomiting, Diarrhea,
mucoid stools but no blood; occasional presence of
fecal leukocytes
ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)
ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)
Capable of Adhering to intestinal cells capable of
producing lesions called?
“attaching and effacing lesions”
ENTEROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (EPEC)
Adhesion on HEp-2 cell cultures
“attaching and effacing lesions”
E. COLI
● Shiga-like
● S/S differ greatly from EPEC and ETEC
ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)
E. COLI
Targets: Colonic epithelial cells
ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)
E. COLI
● Dysentery, invasion and destruction of intestinal wall
● Fever, severe abdominal cramps, malaise and watery
diarrhea; abundant fecal leukocytes
ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)
E. COLI
● May be mis-ID as Shigella
● MOT: Fecal Oral Route
ENTEROINVASIVE E. COLI (EIEC)
E. COLI
● Most Important Strain: 0157:H7
○ Implicated in an outbreak of hemorrhagic diarrhea, colitis and hemolytic uremic
syndrome (HUS)
E. COLI
S/S: watery to bloody diarrhea and colitis with no
WBCs in stools
E. COLI
Processed meats, undercooked ground meat, unpasteurized dairy products and apple cider, bean sprouts, and spinach
E. COLI
OMO: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli VF
Cytotoxins
Verotoxin I (Stxl)
Verotoxin II (Stx2)
wla
E. COLI
OMO: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Culture
○ SMAC (sorbitol negative colonies)
○ CT-SMAC
○ CHROMagar 015
wla tinatamad nk magicp
E. COLI
Hamburger Syndrome
ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC/ SHIGA-TOXIN/ VEROCYTOTOXIC E. COLI
E.COLI
non motile strain; also associated with HUS
Escherichia coli 0157: NM
E.COLI
T/F: All are MUG test (-) except EHEC
F; MUG test (+)
E.COLI
○ Diffusely Adherent E. coli
○ Enteroaggregative E. coli
ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI
E.COLI
Uropathogenic DAEC Strains:
cystitis, acute pyelonephritis
ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI: Diffusely Adherent E. coli
E.COLI
■ Watery Diarrhea, vomiting,
dehydration, occasional abdominal pain
■ “Stacked Brick Pattern”
ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI: Enteroaggregative E. coli
E.COLI
Gene: aggR
○ Responsible for cellular adherence
ENTEROADHERENT E. COLI
E.COLI
VF of Enteroadherent E. coli
Fimbriae
● Extraintestinal Infections
○ MNEC
■ Meningitis/Sepsis Associated E.coli
● Neonatal Meningitis
● Capsular K1 antigen
E. coli
Other Escherichia species
yellow pigmented organism
Escherichia hermanii, E. vulneris
Other Escherichia species
diarrhea among children
E. albertii
● Normal Habitat: GI Tract of humans and animals
● Found in environment
● Causes Opportunistic and Nosocomial infections
○ UTI, pneumonia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections
● Capsulated
● Most are Non-Motile
KLEBSIELLEAE
BC TESTS
Indole -
VP +
Gas Prod +
Citrate +
KCN +
Late Urease
KLEBSIELLEAE
Raoutella that is indole & ODC +
R. ornithinolytica
KLEBSIELLA
● Most commonly isolated
● Common Name: Friedlander’s Bacillus/Bacillus
capsulatus
K. PNEUMONIAE
KLEBSIELLA
● Lower respiratory tract infections
■ Lobar pneumonia
■ Currant jelly like sputum
■ Lung Abscess; hemoptysis; hemorrhage
■ UTIs and wound infections, liver abscess, bacteremia
● High case of antimicrobial resistance
K. PNEUMONIAE
KLEBSIELLA
○ Able to cause infection among healthy ambulatory patients
○ Unusual sites of infection (liver, eyes, CSF)
○ Metastatic spread
○ Production of hypermucoviscous colonies
K. pneumoniae (hvKp)
KLEBSIELLA
Resistant to all B-lactam antibiotics
ST258
KLEBSIELLA
● Produces infections similar to K. pneumoniae
● Also causes antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis
● Characteristic Biochemical Test: Indole (+)
KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA
KLEBSIELLA
IMVIC: +-++
KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA
KLEBSIELLA
● Recovered from nasal secretions and cerebral abscess
● Causes atrophic rhinitis (ozena) - FETID ATROPHY
● Presence of plasmid mediated ESBLs
KLEBSIELLA OZAENAE
KLEBSIELLA
Isolated from patients with rhinoscleroma
KLEBSIELLA RHINOSCLEROMATIS
KLEBSIELLA
● Formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
● STD
● Fastidious encapsulated bacillus
● Intracellular
KLEBSIELLA GRANULOMATIS
KLEBSIELLA
● Associated with Granuloma Inguinale/Donovanosis
● Diagnostic Feature: Donovan Bodies in tissue or
biopsy specimens
KLEBSIELLA GRANULOMATIS
KLEBSIELLA
● Formerly Enterobacter aerogenes
● Healthcare associated infections (UTIs, sepsis,
post-neurological meningitis)
● MDR – carbapenem resistant strains report
KLEBSIELLA AEROGENES
KLEBSIELLA
Found in contaminated medical devices (IV Fluids)
KLEBSIELLA AEROGENES
● Habitat: Intestinal Tract of Humans and animals; found in the environment
● Cause nosocomial and opportunistic infections
● Capsulated
● Significant members are Motile
ENTEROBACTER
BC TESTS
VP, Citrate, KCN broth, ODC +
mostly LDC +
some Urease +
ENTEROBACTER
Enterobacter that is LDC -
E. asburiae, E. cloacae (E. cancerogenous, E. horma)
ENTEROBACTER
recovered from respiratory samples
E. gergoviae
ENTEROBACTER
○ Causes osteomyelitis after traumatic wounds
○ On MacConkey: colonies with purple centers
after extended incubation
○ Not susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins (Resistant)
E. cancerogenus (E. taylorae)
Cronobacter sakazakii (formerly: Enterobacter sakazakii)
CRONOBACTER
● ’’Yellow Pigmented Enterobacter cloacae”
● Causes meningitis and bacteremia among neonates
CRONOBACTER
● Distinct Feature: Yellow colonies; mucoid in BHI
● Yellow pigment further subjected to the biochemical
tests: Indole, Catalase, Oxidase, VP
CRONOBACTER
● Contams infant milk formulas
● fusA & rpoB gene
CRONOBACTER
Formerly Enterobacter agglomerans
○ Gr (-) aerobic bacillus; appear in rods
PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS
● Septicemia (healthcare settings) IV fluids, parenteral nutrition
● Traumatic injury from contaminated soil
○ Wound infections, septic arthritis,
osteomyelitis
PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS
Opportunistic pathogens associated with outbreaks in health care settings (bacteremia, urinary, respiratory tract infections)
SERRATIA
Triple Decarboxylase Negative
PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS
Production of Red Prodigiosin pigment (2-methyl-3-amyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene)
○ Bioactive secondary metabolite produced by
the organism
○ Biosurfactant; incubated at 30 C and stop
producing pigment at 37 C
SERRATIA
BC TESTS
ONPG, DNAse + except fonticola
Lipase +
Gelatinase, LDC +
ADH -
SERRATIA
SERRATIA
most significant; healthcare associated infections (RT and Urinary Tract infections, bacteremia)
Serratia marcescens
SERRATIA
“rotten potato odor”
Serratia odorifera
● Linked to an emerging cause of gastroenteritis; isolated in stool cultures
● Also linked to hemolytic uremic syndrome, graft versus host disease, sepsis
HAFNIA ALVEI
Cause spoilage due to the action of the enzymes they produce in food (minced meat / dairy products)
HAFNIA ALVEI
BC TESTS
Citrate + (delayed)
ONPG +
Lactose, Sucrose, Lipase, Gelatinase, DNAse -
HAFNIA ALVEI
UTIs, wound, ear, infections, nosocomial infections, kidney stone formation
PROTEUS
● Normal flora of the GI Tract; found in the environment
● Opportunistic Pathogens; Nosocomial Infections
● Distinct Biochemical Test:
○ Non-lactose Fermenters
○ Deaminase (+)
○ Motile
PROTEUS, PROVIDENCIA, MORGANELLA
● Gr (-) rod shaped and facultative anaerobic
● Majority are lactose (-) with swarming motility
PROTEUS
Proteus that is H2S -
Proteus penneri
Odor: Burnt Chocolate
PROTEUS
BC TESTS
MR, KCN +
Rapid Urease
PROTEUS
PROTEUS, PROVIDENCIA, MORGANELLA
Differentiated by Indole Test and ODC Test
Proteus
● Gr (-) bacilli, Motile, not lactose fermenters
○ distinguished by their ability to deaminate
phenylalanine and lysine
● Causes UTIs, diarrhea among travelers and children
● nosocomial infections
PROVIDENCIA
PROVIDENCIA
burn units
P. stuartii
PROVIDENCIA
UTI, diarrhea
P. rettgeri
● Only recognized human pathogen
● Opportunistic Pathogen (humans)
● Causes bacteremia, wound infections (aquatic incidents)
EDWARDSIELLA TARDA
BC TESTS
IMViC: ++-+
Rapid Urease for rettgeri
PROVIDENCIA
● Non lactose fermenting G(-) bacteria
● Has the capacity to produce urease and presence of phenylalanine deaminase
● Gelatin liquefaction and hydrogen sulfide production
MORGANELLA MORGANII
BC TESTS
LDC, Citrate, Lactose -
MORGANELLA MORGANII
● Implicated in UTIs, neonatal sepsis
● Motile but does not swarm
MORGANELLA MORGANII
BC TESTS
LDC, ODC, H2S, Indole +
Urease, Citrate -
EDWARDSIELLA TARDA
● IMViC: ++–
● Produce large amt of H2S
EDWARDSIELLA TARDA
● Straight, facultative anaerobic, Gr (-) bacilli
● Motile (peritrichous flagella)
● Formerly under Salmonellae
● Normal Flora of GI Tract
● Causes nosocomial infections, UTIs, pneumonia, meningitis
● Maybe mistaken for Salmonella
CITROBACTER
BC TESTS
Citrate, ONPG, MR +
CITROBACTER
CITROBACTER
UTIs, pneumonia, diarrhea, intraabdominal abscess, endocarditis among drug users, hospital acquired infections
C. FREUNDII
CITROBACTER
Neonatal meningitis; brain abscess
C. KOSERI
OTHER ENTERICS
● Recovered in respiratory, urine, CSF and blood cultures
● Some may produce reddish blue/violet pigment
● May look like E. coli on Mac
KLUYVERA
OTHER ENTERICS
● Oxidase (+)
● Gr (-) straight bacilli in singles or in pairs
● Motile (polar flagellum; monotrichous or lophotrichous) Not a normal flora of GI
PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES
OTHER ENTERICS
● Habitat: Freshwater and estuarine waters
● Causes: Gastroenteritis (cholera like illness)
● Ingestion of uncooked shellfish
● Share some biochemical features with Shigella
PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES
OTHER ENTERICS
Growth in 6% NaCl -
Oxidase, Glucose Fermentation +
Susceptible to O/129 strains
PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES
OTHER ENTERICS
Triple Decarboxylase +
PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES
● Primary Intestinal Pathogens
● Not a part of the normal flora of humans
● Salmonella: GI illnesses
● Shigella: GI Illnesses
● Yersinia: zoonotic; transmitted by wild animals and ticks; variety of disease
TRUE PATHOGENS
TRUE PATHOGENS
T/F: Salmonella has 2 biochemically discrete species previously. Currently, only 3 are recognized
F; 3 bc discrete & 2 recognized
TRUE PATHOGENS
Citrate +
H2S + exc. arizonae
Motility + exc. pullorum & gallinarum
Lactose Fermentation - exc. arizonae
Indole, VP, Deaminase, Urease, KCN -
SALMONELLA
TRUE PATHOGENS: VIRULENCE FACTORS
● Fimbriae and most especially enterotoxins are implicated as significant virulence factors
○ Allows them to colonize the upper ileum region of the Gastrointestinal tract
● Ability to traverse intestinal mucosa
SALMONELLA
TRUE PATHOGENS: MOT
Ingestion of contaminated water or food (poultry, dairy products), containing animal feces; transmitted human to human (carrier state)
SALMONELLA
TRUE PATHOGENS: ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES
Classification based on __________
○ O, H, and K (Vi Ag) Ag serotyping
Kaufmann-White
TRUE PATHOGENS
● Gastroenteritis
● Bacteremia or Septicemia without GI symptoms
● Enteric Fever
● Carrier State
● Focal Infections (osteomyelitis; meningitis; brain abscess; endocarditis)
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
non typhoidal fever w/ or w/o gastroenteritis
S. serotype Cholerasuis
SALMONELLA
paratyphoid fever w/ or w/o gastroenteritis
S. serotype Paratyphi
SALMONELLA
typhoid fever (humans are the only reservoir)
S. serotype Typhi
SALMONELLA
food poisoning (dairy products)
S. serotype Typhimurium
SALMONELLA
dairy products; ice cream
S. Enteritidis
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: GASTROENTERITIS
● Food poisoning (poultry and dairy products)
● Ingestion of poultry, dairy products, peanut butter
other foodstuffs
● Invasion of epithelial cells of intestinal tract
S. Typhimurium
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: GASTROENTERITIS
● Cholera-Like Toxin; main Virulence Factor
● S/S Watery Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever
S. Typhimurium
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES
● Caused by Salmonella Typhi
○ No animal reservoir; transmitted by carriers,
contaminated food
● Invades intestinal epithelial cells and invades lymph nodes and disseminates to other organs Facultative Intracellular Parasite
TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)
What week?
fever, dull frontal headache, malaise, body pain, constipated (“scybalous” stool)
1st Week
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)
What week?
intestinal tract, “rose spots” appear; diarrheic stools
2nd and 3rd Week
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES: TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER)
What week?
Develop antibodies
5th week
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES
● Most often caused by Salmonella Choleraesuis
● Usually seen among patients with underlying diseases or children with enterocolitis
BACTEREMIA (SEPSIS)
SALMONELLA DISEASE STATES
● Common sequelae: salmonella osteomyelitis
● Carrier State: harbored in the gallbladder
○ “Typhoid Mary”
BACTEREMIA (SEPSIS)
also associated with handling of reptiles, amphibians
Salmonella infections
● Closely related to Escherichia
● Humans are the only reservoir
SHIGELLA
● Biochemically inert members of Family
Enterobacteriaceae
● Causes shigellosis/bacillary dysentery (enterocolitis)
SHIGELLA
BC TESTS
-+–
SHIGELLA
BC TESTS
MR +
Citrate, Xylose Fermentation, H2S, LDC -
Lactose Fermentation exc. sonnei
Motility -
Gas Production -
SHIGELLA
MOT of Shigella
Fecal-oral, contaminated food/water
OMO: Shigella VF
● Shiga-toxin
● Pili
● Endotoxin
● Neurotoxin
● Invasive property
Pili
T/F: All Shigella possess O antigens, some species possess K antigen
T
● < 10 yrs are most affected, < 1 yrs most susceptible
● Low Infective Dose
● Manifestations: fever chills, cramps, diarrhea, pain and tenesmus 24-48 hrs after ingestion
○ Intestines then to colon
○ Bloody, with pus, and mucoid stool
SHIGELLA
SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)
Duval’s
D - S. sonnei
SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)
Endotoxin, enterotoxin, neurotoxin, invasiveness
A - S. dysenteriae
SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)
Strong’s bacillus
B - S. flexneri
SHIGELLA: SUBGROUPS
(based on O antigen groups)
Newcastle Manchester
C - S. boydii
Zoonotic; Disease of Rodents (tick bites or flea bites)
YERSINIA
BC TESTS
Indole -
Motility at 37 C -
MR +
Urease + exc. pestis
YERSINIA
YERSINIA
possess complete O-polysaccharide
Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitic
YERSINIA
lacks O-specific polysaccharide chain
Y. pestis
● Transmitted to humans by fleas : flea-rodent-flea life cycle
● Facultative Intracellular Parasite
Yersinia
● Causes: Plague/Bubonic Plague/Black Death
● Symptoms: high fever and buboes
Yersinia
OMO: Yersinia VF
● Fraction1
● V (protein)
● W (lipoprotein)
● Cytolysins
Cytolysins
YERSINIA FORM
● Incubation 1-7 days
● Most common
● S/S high fever, chills, weakness, headaches and
buboes (lymphadenitis), hemorrhages (blackish discoloration)
○ Buboes: Swelling of the armpits and groin
● Mildest form but high fatality if untreated
BUBONIC/GLANDULAR FORM
YERSINIA FORM
Proliferation in blood; S/S high fever, delirium, seizures (children), septic shock and DIC. Black hemorrhagic splotches
SEPTICEMIC FORM
YERSINIA FORM
S/S fever, malaise, cough chest pain, hemoptysis, that can lead to sepsis and death
PNEUMONIC FORM
YERSINIA
● Most commonly isolated species
● Main Reservoir: Pigs
● Causes Yersiniosis
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
YERSINIA
● S/S: mimics appendicitis, enteritis, arthritis, erythema
nodosum, septicemia (px with hemochromatosis)
● MOT: ingestion of contaminated food (pork meat, milk)
chitterlings (large intestines of pigs)
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
YERSINIA
● Survival in cold temperatures (4C) (cold enrichment)
● Most common contaminant in blood products
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
YERSINIA CULTURE
MAC SSA +
Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin Agar : Bull’s eye colonies
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
YERSINIA
● Pathogen of rodents (guinea pigs), birds, rabbits
● Rare in humans
● Animals: S/S Caseous Swellings (Pseudotubercles)
● Humans: mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicemia
YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
