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Clinical Chemistry 1 > 3rd Unit > Flashcards

3rd Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

The intensity of the color produced in the Biuret reaction is dependent on:
A. the acidity of the medium
B. the molecular weight of the protein
C. the number of peptide bonds
D. the nitrogen content of the protein

A

C

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2
Q

Major site of lipid digestion is…
A. stomach
B. pancreas
C. small intestine
D. large intestine

A

C

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3
Q

Which of the following plasma proteins is primarily responsible for maintaining in vivo colloidal osmotic pressure?
A. Albumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Fibrinogen
D. α2-Macroglobulin

A

A

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4
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding the measurement of HDL?
A. direct method uses reagents that prevent LDL and VLDL allowing HDL to be measured by the second reagent
B. 40-75 mg/dL is the reference range for HDL
C. HDL is usually directly measured in the laboratory
D. reagent like heparin/Mn and phosphotungstate/Mg are used to bind to HDL which be enhanced by cholesterol reagent during the colorimetric step

A

D

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5
Q

The following hormones will cause increased glucose levels in the blood, except:
A. growth hormone
B. epinephrine
C. cortisone
D. insulin

A

D

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6
Q

A 35-year-old woman in her 2nd trimester of pregnancy has physical manifestations of lower extremity edema and obesity. She has no family history of diabetes and is not a member of an ethnic group with a high prevalence of diabetes. Which of the following blood glucose tests can be requested by her OB-Gyne to screen her for GDM?
A. HbA1c
B. 3-hour GTT
C. 2-hour GCT
D. FBS

A

C

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7
Q

Which of the following glucose load is given to pregnant women in screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
A. 50 grams
B. 75 grams
C. 100 grams
D. 1.75 grams/kg of body weight

A

B

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8
Q

Amino acids that generate pyruvate are referred to as:
A. ketogenic
B. glucogenic
C. pyruvic
D. lipemic

A

B

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9
Q

Which of these undergoes esterification which is responsible for atherosclerosis?
A. triglyceride
B. cholesterol
C. fatty acid
D. sterol

A

B

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10
Q

An immunofixation protein electrophoresis is performed on serum from a patient with the most common type of multiple myeloma. The resulting pattern would most likely reveal which of the following?
A. An IgG monoclonal band
B. Oligoclonal bands
C. Significant β–γ bridging
D. An IgM monoclonal band

A

B

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions would correlate best with the presence of distinct oligoclonal bands in the γ-zone on CSF protein electrophoresis?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Bacterial meningitis
D. Myoglobinemia

A

A

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12
Q

Which test may be performed to assess the average plasma glucose level that is maintained during a previous 2- to 3- month period?
A. two-hour postprandial glucose
B. glycosylated hemoglobin
C. fasting blood glucose
D. oral glucose tolerance

A

B

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13
Q

Several enzymatic triglyceride methods measure the production or consumption of…
A. NADH
B. Fatty acids
C. Glycerol
D. Diacetyl lutidine

A

C

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14
Q

What is the best tube in order to prevent glycolysis in blood sugar examination?
A. EDTA
B. heparin
C. sodium citrate
D. sodium fluoride

A

D

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15
Q

The most typical change in serum protein electrophoresis in patients with cirrhosis is:
A. decreased albumin
B. increased alpha-2 globulin
C. decreased alpha-1 globulin
D. beta-gamma bridging
E. increased gamma globulin

A

D

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16
Q

The most common deficient enzyme in Galactosemia is:
A. galactokinase
B. galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
C. glucose-1-phosphate
D. glucose-6-phosphate

A

B

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17
Q

A factor, other than average plasma glucose values, that can affect the HbA1c level is
A. Serum ketone bodies level
B. Red blood cell life span
C. Ascorbic acid intake
D. Increased triglyceride levels

A

B

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT true?
A. the side chain of an amino acid is responsible for the uniqueness of each amino acid
B. Folin-Ciocalteu and Folin-Lowry are more sensitive than the Biuret method
C. haptoglobin and C-reactive proteins are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease
D. In an acid solution, protein acquires a negative charge

A

D

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19
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Type II diabetes mellitus, except:
A. insulin levels may or may not be abnormal
B. it is more common than type I diabetes
C. requires insulin therapy to control hyperglycemia
D. associated with obesity and more common in persons greater than 40 years old

A

C

20
Q

All of the following are examples of polysaccharides, except
A. starch
B. glycogen
C. cellulose
D. ribose

A

D

21
Q

Select the enzyme that is most specific for β-D- glucose:
A. Glucose oxidase
B. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
C. Hexokinase
D. Phosphohexose isomerase

A

A

22
Q

Which of the following does not match?
A. Apo CII – activates lipoprotein lipase
B. Apo D – associated with the transfer of cholesterol ester between lipoprotein
C. Apo B100 – primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons
D. Apo E4 – increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease

A

C

23
Q

Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of cholesterol to peripheral tissue?
A. LDL
B. Chylomicrons
C. VLDL
D. HDL

A

A

24
Q

A random blood glucose level is reported as 5.1 mmol/L. This is:
A. markedly increased
B. markedly decreased
C. normal
D. slightly increased

A

C

25
Q

Ascorbic acid interferes in chromogen product formation in which of the following glucose methods?
A. hexokinase
B. Nelson Somogyi
C. Ortho-toluidine
D. Neocuproine

A

D

26
Q

Which of the following would indicate a plasma specimen was used for protein electrophoresis instead of serum?
A. A small peak between the β- and γ-globulins
B. A broad increase in the γ-globulin fraction
C. A bridge between the α1- and α2-globulins
D. A significantly decreased albumin peak

A

A

27
Q

Which total protein method requires CuSO4, potassium iodide in NaOH and potassium sodium tartrate in its reagent system?
A. Kjeldhal
B. Biuret
C. Folin-Ciocalteau
D. refractometry

A

B

28
Q

True or false? Increased levels of apo A-I are associated with an increased risk of CAD.
A. true
B. false

A

B

29
Q

Which of the following urine total protein results would correlate best with a patient with nephrotic syndrome?
A. Normal
B. Lower than normal
C. Higher than normal
D. Similar to levels in CSF total protein levels

A

C

30
Q

In an amino acid, the group on the alpha carbon that can act as a protein acceptor is ______ group:
A. amino
B. carboxyl
C. both
D. neither

A

A

31
Q

Relative to serum protein concentration, the level of proteins in CSF in normal individuals is:
A. 40-50%
B. less than 1%
C. 15-20%
D. 5-10%

A

B

32
Q

This solidifies easily at low temperature because of the absence of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms:
A. saturated fatty acids
B. unsaturated fatty acids

A

A

33
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I diabetes mellitus?
1. absent to low blood insulin levels
2. high frequency of autoantibodies to islet cells (autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
3. ketosis often accompanies hyperglycemia

A. 1, 3
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 2
D. 1, 2, 3

A

D

34
Q

Which of the following statements is true of albumin?
A. compared to globulin, it makes up the lesser portion of total protein
B. its size prevents its passage through even a damaged glomerular barrier
C. it is produced in the liver
D. clinical problems are usually related to high serum values

A

C

35
Q

A patient is admitted to the hospital with intense chest pains. The patient’s primary care physician requests the emergency department doctor to order several tests, including a lipid profile with cholesterol fractionation. Given the patient’s results provided below, what would be the LDL-C for this patient (the laboratory uses the Friedewald formula)?

total cholesterol = 400 mg/dL
triglycerides = 300 mg/dL
HDL-C = 100 mg/dL
LP electrophoresis = pending

A. 240 mg/dL
B. 160 mg/dL
C. 200 mg/dL
D. 300 mg/dL

A

A

36
Q

Polarographic methods of glucose assay are based on which principle?
A. Nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose
B. Rate of oxygen depletion measured
C. Chemiluminescence caused by the formation of ATP
D. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized

A

B

37
Q

Which of the following results would correlate best with malnutrition and a poor protein–caloric status?
A. Decreased prealbumin
B. Decreased γ-globulins
C. Elevated ceruloplasmin
D. Elevated α1-fetoprotein

A

A

38
Q

Which of the following CSF proteins would be measured when investigating active demyelination in multiple sclerosis?
A. CSF–serum albumin ratio
B. α1-Antitrypsin
C. Myelin basic protein
D. Immunoglobulin G

A

C

39
Q

Glucose in non-hemolyzed serum placed at 4 degrees Celsius is stable up to:
A. 3 days
B. 1 day
C. 8 hours
D. 1 hour

A

A

40
Q

Pre-beta-lipoproteins contain a high proportion of:
A. Free fatty acids
B. Cholesterol
C. Triglyceride
D. Chylomicrons
E. Lecithin

A

C

41
Q

The normal reference value of triglycerides is
A. 4-6 mmol/L
B. 0.69 – 1.69 mmol/L
C. 1.1-20.5 mmol/L
D. 0.5 – 3.0 mmol/L

A

B

42
Q

Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine via nitroprusside reagents provides a semiquantitative measure of
A. Acetoacetate
B. 3-β-Hydroxybutyrate
C. Acetone
D. All three ketone bodies

A

A

43
Q

All of the following proteins increase during acute phase response, except:
A. albumin
B. fibrinogen
C. C-reactive protein
D. antitrypsin

A

A

44
Q

From glucose and ATP, hexokinase catalyzes the formation of
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Fructose-6-phosphate
C. Glucose-6-phosphate
D. Lactose

A

C

45
Q

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?
A. An amino group and carboxyl group bonded to an alpha-carbon
B. A double carbon bond between the alpha-carbons of two amino acids
C. An amino group bonded to a carboxyl group of another amino acid
D. Two carboxyl groups bonded to the alpha-carbon of an amino acid

A

C

Clinical Chemistry 1 (4 decks)

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