3rd Tri LA Final Flashcards
Simile
comparing using like or as
Metaphor
comparing without using like or as
Personification
Animals or inanimate objects are given human characteristics or actions
Hyperbole
Use of exaggeration that approaches the impossible
Onomatopoeia
Words that represent sounds
Alliteration
repetition of same sound or letter at beginning of sentence
The repetition of similar beginning consonant sounds that creates a musical or rhythmic effect
Allusion
reference to something familiar
A reference to a well-known person or event that often serves to make a comparison
Anaphora
repetition of same words
Symbolism
Is when the author uses an object or reference to add deeper meaning to a story; is used to provide meaning to the writing beyond what is actually being described; can enhance a theme, idea, or character
Imagery
using words to create a picture in your mind
Tone
How the author feels about a text; his/her attitude
Indicative Mood
states fact or opinion, describes something in plot
Imperative Mood
makes a demand
Conditional Mood
indicates a condition that might cause something to happen; might, could, should, would
Foreshadowing
lets readers predict whats going to happen next
Use of hints or clues in a story that lead a reader to make certain predictions about the story
Theme
The central idea of a story
First Person POV
Narrator is the main character, uses “I”
Second Person POV
Telling it through your POV, using “You and You’re”
Third Person Limited POV
Has access to only one persons feelings and thoughts
Third Person Omniscient POV
Has access to all characters feelings and thoughts
Noun
person, place, thing, or idea
Common noun
any one of a class of people, places, things, or ideas ex: soldier
Proper noun
specific person, place, or thing
ex: General Eisenhower
Collective noun
a group of individual people or things
ex: squad, team
Compound noun
a noun made up of two or more words
ex: ice age, workshop
Pronoun
a word used to take the place of a noun
First person pronoun
the person speaking
ex: my, I, our
Second person pronoun
the person spoken to
ex: your, you, yours
Third person pronoun
the person, place, or thing spoken about
ex: him, her, their
Antecedent
the noun a pronoun substitutes for
ex sentence: Bill raised his trophy in triumph and he smiled.
Bill=antecedent
his/he=pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun (4)
points out a specific person, place, or thing
ex: this, that, these, and those
Relative Pronoun (5)
begins a subordinate clause and connects it to another idea in the same sentence
ex: that, who, whose, which, whom
Interrogative Pronoun (5)
used to begin a question
ex: what, which, who, whom, whose
Indefinite Pronoun (4)
refers to nouns without specifying which ones
ex:anyone, neither, both, all
Action verb
tells what action a person/thing is performing
ex:jumping, dreaming
Visible action verb
can be seen easily
The baboon ATE a pickle slowly.
Personal pronoun
refers to first, second, and third person pronouns
ex: she, they, it, I
Which mood?
First, spit on the stone.
Imperative
Which mood?
You would be better served if you placed your loyalty with us.
Conditional
Which mood?
The master was locked in the library.
Indicative
Mental action verb
can be seen with difficulty if at all
ex: The baboon was DREAMING of a marble berry smoothie.
Linking verb
Connects a noun or pronoun at or near the beginning of a sentence with a word at or near the end.
ex: With luck I WOULD HAVE BEEN at the station.
Helping verb
Added before another verb to make a verb phrase.
Can be more than one word.
Ex: I COULD only HAVE gone to the festival yesterday.
Intransitive verb
An action verb that there is no receiver named in the sentence.
Ex: Both witnesses agreed.
(Agreed what?) No answer.
Transitive verb
An action verb that the receiver of the action is named in the sentence.
ex: Meg unwrapped her present.
(unwrapped what?) present
Adjective
describes a noun or a pronoun
Definite article
(The) refers to a specific person, place, or thing
Indefinite article
(a or an) refers to any one of a class of people, places or things
Proper adjective
a proper noun used as an adjective, capitalized
Compound adjective
an adjective made up of more than one word
Possessive adjectives
my, your, his, her, its, these, their
Demonstrative adjectives
this, that, these, those
Interrogative adjectives
which, what, whose
Indefinite adjectives
another, each, either, neither
Adjectives acting as monitors answer which questions?
Where? When? In What Manner? To What Extent?
Prepositional Phrases
a group of words that includes a preposition and a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition
ex: Across the street
Across=preposition
Street=object
Preposition
relates the noun or pronoun following it to another word in the sentence
ex: in, at, from, ahead of, next to
Preposition or Adverb?
The note is inside the box.
Preposition: object
inside what? Box.
Preposition or Adverb?
The prisoner slipped past.
Adverb: no object
Past what? None.
Coordinating Conjunction
connect similar words
ex: and, for, or, yet
Correlative Conjunction
come in pairs, connect same kinds of similar words or groups of words
ex: both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor
Subordinating Conjunction
connects two ideas by making one idea less important than the other
ex: after, even thought, unless, whenever
Interjection
expresses feeling or emotion and functions independently of a sentence. Separated from sentence
Ex: Hey! keep your hands off that camera.
Active voice
The noun or pronoun that is the subject is the doer of the action
Passive voice
The subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action
Participle
Functions as adjectives since they modify nouns
Past or present participle?
The washed clothes.
Past or present participle?
The breaking window.
Participle phrase?
an adjective phrase that begins with a participle and includes all objects, modifiers, and complements.
Ex: Hiding from the shark, a clown fish took cover in an anemone.
Hiding from the shark=participle phrase
Gerund
a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
ex: She enjoys, running, biking, and swimming.
Running, biking, swimming=gerunds
Gerund or Present Participle?
Placing icing on the cake can be challenging.
Gerund or Present Participle?
The girl winning the race is a state champ.
Infinitive
a verbal formed when to is placed in front of a verb
ex: to run
Accept vs. Except
Accept=to receive
Except=not including
Advice vs. Advise
Advice= helpful recommendations
Advise=giving someone counseling
Affect vs. Effect
Affect=make a difference to
Effect=A change due to an action
All ready vs. Already
All ready=completely prepared
Already=before or by now
Among vs. Between
Among=surrounded by
Between=in between 2 things
Beside vs. Besides
Beside=next to
Besides=in addition to
Farther vs. further
Farther=actual distance
ex: how much farther?
Further=figurative distance
ex: if you talk further
In vs. Into
In=inside
Into=putting something inside of another thing
Than vs. Then
Than= comparing 2 things
Then=at that time
That, which, and who
That=something
Which=what
Who=which person
There, Their, They’re
There=refers to place and direction
Their=things that belong to one
They’re=they are
To, too, two
Too=also/overly
Two=the number 2
To=everything else
Who vs Whom
Who is used when he can be used.
Whom is used when him can be used.
Comparative degree
compares 2 nouns
ex: Kathrine is more interested in sports than I am.
Superlative degree
I think New York is the most exciting city of all. Don’t use -er and -est
When should you use periods?
To end a declarative sentence, imperative sentence, and an indirect question
ex: I asked where we were going.
When should you use question marks?
To end an interrogative sentence
ex: Certainly, we should have lunch. Where?
When should you use exclamation marks?
To end an exclamatory sentence or an imperative sentence
ex: Be quiet!
Coma usage
To seperate 3+ words or adjectives
ex: Firs, spruces, and pines are evergreen trees.
ex 2: He drove a shiny, green sedan.
Capital usage
Capitalize the first words, propers, and names
ex: “Let;s go now”
Idiom
Words with meaning that’s not literal
ex: raining cats and dogs
Mood
how the author makes you feel
