3rd quiz Flashcards
It provided the procedural requirements for waiver to criminal court as articulated by the US Supreme Court. This case is a Landmark Case that established a bar of due process for youth to be tried to the adult system.
Kent vs. United States
The Court held that juvenile courts must provide the basic procedural protection that the Bill of Rights guarantee to adults, including timely advance notice of the charges, the right to either retained or appointed counsel, confrontation and cross-examination of adverse witnesses, self-incrimination, and the right to remain silent.
In re Gault (1967)
It endorsed decriminalization of status offenses, urging that juvenile delinquency liability should include only such conduct as would be designated a crime if committed by an adult.
American Bar Association (1977)
These are crimes that may be committed by minors.
status offenses
The Supreme Court upheld the state’s right to place juveniles in preventive detention (detention of a person before or during his trial).
Schall vs. Martin (1984)
This is an aggressive youth who resents the authority of anyone who make an effort to control his behavior.
Social
This is a child who commits deviants acts because of emotional/personality problems; he has internalized his conflicts and preoccupied with his own feelings.
Neurotic
These delinquents have a cold, brutal, fictious quality for which the youth feels no remorse; they usually have a weak ego, they may have been experienced parental rejection.
Asocial
He is less identifiable in his character, essentially socialize law-abiding but too happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time and becomes involved in some delinquent act not typical of his general behavior.
Accidental
In this stage, the child begins with petty larceny between (at age 8 and sometimes 12).
Emergence
In this stage, he or she then move on to shoplifting and vandalism between (at ages 12 to 14).
Exploration
In this stage, there is a substantial increase in variety of seriousness (at age 13 above).
Explosion
In this stage, four or more types of crimes are added (at around 15 above).
Conflagration
Those who continue on adulthood will progress into more sophisticated or more violent forms of criminal behavior.
Outburst
This is committed by rejected or abandoned children; no parents to imitate and become aggressive.
Unsocialized Aggression
This is committed by members of fraternities or groups that advocate bad things.
Socialize Delinquency
This is committed by groups that are secretly trained to do illegal activities, like marijuana cultivation.
Over-Inhibited
This views the law-breaker as a person whose misconduct is the result of faulty biology.
Biogenic Approach
This focuses on the mental and behavioral aspects of delinquents.
Psychogenic Approach
This attributes the variations in delinquency pattern to influence social structures. They account for individual offender by reference process, which go on in youth gangs, stigmatizing contacts with social control agencies and other variables of that time.
Sociogenic Approach
Inclinations or inherited propensities, which cannot be, considered a criminal one unless there is a probability that a crime will be committed.
This means that a child is vulnerable in developing a delinquent behavior.
Predisposing Factor or Indirect Factor
Elements which provokes crimes or factors that are signified to the everyday adjustments of an individual, like personal problems, necessities, imitation, curiosity, ignorance, and diseases.
This is the specific factor/event that triggered the child to commit delinquent acts.
Precipitating Factor or Direct Factor
It is the first and the basic institution in our society for developing the child’s potential, in all its many aspects like emotional, intellectual, moral, and spiritual as well as physical and social.
Family
It is where the child influences after his first highly formative years.
Environment
This emerges in areas where conventional as well as non-conventional values of behavior are integrated by a close connection of illegitimate and legitimate businesses. This type of gang is stable than the ones to follow. Older criminals serve as role models and they teach necessary criminal skills to the youngsters. An example of this is an organized criminal group, where they generate income by committing illegal acts.
The Criminal Gang
This is non-stable and non-integrated, where there is an absence of criminal organization resulting in instability. This gang aims to find reputation for toughness and destructive violence.
The Conflict/Violent Gang
This is equally unsuccessful in legitimate as well as illegitimate means. They are known as double failures, thus retreating into a world of sex, drugs, and alcohol.
The Retreatist Gang
It is a public instrument for training young people. It is more directly accessible to change through the development of new resources and policies.
School
