1st recitation

Question 1

In the Philippine setting, instead of using the word juvenile, some of our Philippine laws use of the word _______.

Answer 1

child

Question 2

It is a person who is below the age of majority.

Answer 2

child

Question 3

It refers to the age where a person can already be considered as an adult.

Answer 3

Age of majority

Question 4

By virtue of _______ or the ____________, the age of majority is 21 years old.

Answer 4

EO 209, “Family Court of the Philippines”

Question 5

________ amended EO 209 and lowered the age of majority from 21 years old to 18 years old.

Answer 5

RA 6809

Question 6

It refers to anti-social acts or behaviors committed by minors. These are acts that are not in conformance with the laws or norms or which are contrary to the laws or norms of the society.

Answer 6

Juvenile Delinquency

Question 7

These are violations of ordinances.

Answer 7

Misdemeanors

Question 8

These are violations of special laws, e.g., Republic Acts, Presidential Decrees, Executive Orders.

Answer 8

Offenses

Question 9

Under _______, also known as the ________________________, a juvenile delinquent is now called a Child-in-Conflict with the Law.

Answer 9

RA 9344, Juvenile Justice Act of 2006

Question 10

It is the oldest known code for thousand years ago dating from 2270 BC used by society to regulate behavior and at the same time punish those who disobeyed the rules.

Answer 10

Code of Hammurabi (Babylon)

Question 11

It is the origin of the legal principle of “Lex Talionis” or “Lex Taliones,” or the Law of Retaliation/Retribution/Revenge. That is an “eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”

Answer 11

Code of Hammurabi (Babylon)

Question 12

It is the book or compilation of the different laws of the Jews.

Answer 12

Talmud

Question 13

In this law, there was no corporal punishment (physical punishment or punishment that inflicts physical pain or suffering) prior to puberty, which was considered to be the age of twelve for females and thirteen for males. In addition, no capital punishment (death penalty) is to be imposed on those offenders under twenty years of age.

Answer 13

Ancient Jewish Law

Question 14

This law resulted in the “Twelve Tables,” which made clear that children were criminally responsible for violation of law and were to be dealt with by same criminal justice system as adults.

Answer 14

Codification of Roman Law

Question 15

Under Roman Law, children came to be classified as _________ or ___________.

Answer 15

“Infans,” “Proximus Infantiae”

Question 16

In general, __________, seven years old below, were not held criminally responsible, but those approaching puberty (above 7 to 14 for boys and above 7-12 for girls), liability was based on their capacity to understand the difference between right and wrong.

Answer 16

“Infans”

Question 17

The distinctions made between adult and juvenile offenders in England at this time are most significant. Under common law, children under the age of seven were presumed incapable of forming criminal intent and therefore were not subject to criminal sanctions.

Answer 17

Anglo-Saxon Common Law

Question 18

What is the other term for the Anglo-Saxon Common Law?

Answer 18

Law based on Custom or Usage

Question 19

This period included the child-saving movement.

Answer 19

Middle of 19th Century (1801-1900)

Question 20

They believed that children were born good and became bad.

Answer 20

Child Savers

Question 21

It is a doctrine that does not consider delinquent acts as criminal violation, thus making delinquents non-criminal persons and cannot be found guilty of a crime and punished like an adult criminal. This doctrine viewed minors who violate the law as victims of improper care, custody, and treatment at home.

Answer 21

Parens Patriae

Question 22

In parents patriae, the ______________.

Answer 22

“State becomes the father”

Question 23

It provided involuntary separation of children from their impoverished parents, and these children were then placed in bondage to local residents as apprentices.

Answer 23

Poor Law Act of 1601