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Reading And Writing > 3rd periodic > Flashcards

3rd periodic Flashcards

1
Q

is a form of spoken or written language that exhibits a grammatical structure, a literary text that tells a story and a natural flow of speech.

A

prose

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2
Q

those are non-true characters in the existing world

A

fiction

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3
Q

real life characters

A

non fiction

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4
Q

is a prose narrative in which situations and characters were just invented by the writer to make the readings more interesting

A

fiction

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5
Q

example of fiction

A

novels, short stories and folktales

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6
Q

deals with real life people, places or things and events.

A

non fiction

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7
Q

example of non fiction

A

essays biographies

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8
Q

is a very imaginative kind of writing that uses rhythm and other poetic devices.

A

poetry

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9
Q

is a story that is usually presented on stage by performers such actors and actresses that make the drama more exciting to the audience.

A

drama

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10
Q

is a story presented in a very humorous manner and usually ends happily.

A

comedy

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11
Q

is a heart-breaking stage story because the characters usually end up in accident or death. The downfall of the main character makes it sad in the end.

A

tragedy

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12
Q

story is full of excitement where characters are sometimes too emotional or exaggerated.

A

melodrama

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13
Q

is a funny play in a theater based on ridiculous events.

A

farce

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14
Q

is a play that takes place in the past and real events. The characters are based on a true to life persons story, but the dialogue is created by the playwright.

A

histoprical drama

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15
Q

include those short stories, novels, poems and dramas and many more.

A

literary texts

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16
Q

Texts have been classified simply into ______ and ____________texts.

A

literary and informational

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17
Q

provide factual information. consumer, public and workplace documents such as letters to business, memos, news, articles and advertisement are considered informational materials.

A

informational texts

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18
Q

are printed materials that accompany products and services like manuals, labels, brochures etc.

A

consumer documents

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19
Q

are those that pertain to operations or to aid a business.

A

workplace documents

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20
Q

are documents written to provide information that is concerning to the public such as speeches, signs, rules and regulations.

A

public documents

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21
Q

are materials used in school.

A

textbooks

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22
Q

the purpose of _____is to tell a story or relate an event.

A

narration

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23
Q

the purpose of ________is to recreate, invent or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture what is being describes

A

description

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24
Q

. It provides specific details about what something looks, smells, tastes, sounds or feels like.

A

description

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25
Q

Organize spatially, in order of appearance or by topic.

A

description

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26
Q

It usually uses chronological order.

A

narration

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27
Q

explain how something works, step by step

A

process

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28
Q

moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine a word or concept as we actually use and understand it.

A

definition

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29
Q

is generally to show that one item is superior to another based on a set of evaluations included as part of the writing.

A

comparison and contrast

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30
Q

offer an explanation about why that sequence matters.

A

cause and effect

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31
Q

takes one large concept and divides it into individual pieces. It helps the reader to understand a complex topic by focusing on its smaller parts

A

classification / division

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32
Q

the purpose of this pattern to identify the problem and then provide a logical, practical solution for that problem.

A

problem/solution

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33
Q

movement from one sentence to another or from one paragraph to another.

A

organization

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34
Q

The quality that gives the paragraph a specific direction.

A

organization

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35
Q

It guides the reader’s mind towards the point the writer wishes to make.

A

organization

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36
Q

The writer does this by arranging the contents of a paragraph in a manner that makes it easy for the reader to follow.

A

organization

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37
Q

SUGGESTED
BASED ON
THE CLUES

A

implicit

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38
Q

STATED
CLEARLY IN
THE TEXT

A

explicit

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39
Q

“It’s people who kill the
environment, it’s also people that
save the environment.
”

A

gina lopez

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40
Q

“Ladies, don’t let anybody tell you are
ever past your prime,”

A
  • 60-year-old
    Malaysian actor Michelle Yeoh
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41
Q

Involves
presenting a
reasoned
argument that
evaluates and
analyzes what you
read.

A

critical reading

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42
Q

being _______
means
understanding the
writer’s opinion
and interpretation

A

critical

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43
Q

always examine the limitations, omissions and arguments in youre reading

A

critical reading

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44
Q

as a critical reader
what the test ___
what the text ______
what is the _______ of the text

A

say
describes
interpretation

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45
Q

STEPS IN CRITICAL READING

_____________the text before making valuable ____________ then make _______ WITHOUT letting _________ ____ or _______ detract arguments

A

scrutinize, judgement, personal bias, opinions

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46
Q

Central argument or
thesis statement of
the text.

A

claim

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47
Q

is when the writer
is able to prove a point by
giving details, explanations
and other facts which serve
as evidence

A

claim

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48
Q

are usually found in the introduction of the paragraph

A

claim

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49
Q

is an arguable
statement – an idea that a
rhetor (speaker or writer)
asks an audience to accept

A

claim

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50
Q

Is an opinion,
idea or
assertion

A

claim

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51
Q

said that a
claim is an arguable
statement – an idea that a
rhetor (speaker or writer)
asks an audience to accept.

A

de Gandio J., 2008,

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52
Q

______ and ________define
a claim as an assertion. They
stress how it is an inference
beyond the facts.

A

CAMPBELL AND HUXMAN

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53
Q

Characteristics of a good claim:

If the claim is a______________which proves a point for
discussion then it makes sense to the reader.

It should be s_________and c_______
.
It should be i_________and e_______.

It should be l_______

A

argumentative
specific and clear
interesting and engaging
logical

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54
Q

three types of claims

A

claim of fact, value and policy

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55
Q

They assert that something that has
existed, exists, will exist based on data. It usually answer the question
“what”. (leads to, improves, destroys or it is caused by.

A

claim of fact

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56
Q

a claim based on preference. They
make judgement based on certain standards, right from wrong, good to
bad or similar

A

claim of value

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57
Q

a claim which persuades you to take
some action or change of behavior to solve a problem. It usually answers
the “how” question. (should, ought to, must

A

claim of policy

58
Q

is a series of sentences that are organized, coherent, and are all related to a single topic.

A

paragraph

59
Q

For a paragraph, or for any composition, to be effective, it must always consider the Properties of a Well-Written Text. These properties are:

A

organization, coherence and cohesion, unity, language use and mechanics

60
Q

The first section of a paragraph; it should include the topic sentence and any other sentences at the beginning of the paragraph that give background information or provide a transition.

A

introduction

61
Q

Follows the introduction; discusses the controlling idea, using facts, arguments, analysis, examples, or other information.

A

body

62
Q

The final section; summarizes the connections between the information discussed in the body of the paragraphs and the paragraph’s controlling idea.

A

conclusion

63
Q

This states the main topic of the paragraph and the controlling idea

A

topic sentence

64
Q

When writing the topic sentence, try to state the main point of the paragraph ad ______ and as ______as possible. Do not make the topic sentence too ______or too ________

A

clearly and as accurately
too general or too specific

65
Q

These develop the topic sentence

A

supporting sentences

66
Q

should be drawn from a variety of sources and based on research, experiences, etc. plus the writer’s own analysis.

A

supporting details

67
Q

Using a combination of different ______ is the most common and effective way to strengthen the paragraph

A

supports

68
Q

This signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember, but is often unnecessary.

A

concluding sentences

69
Q

also known as arrangement,

A

orgnanization

70
Q

, is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged with focus on the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech.

A

organization

71
Q

It can be done with a recognizable plan that defines one sentence connection to the other sentence and paragraph to the other paragraph.

A

organization

72
Q

first, second, later, before, next, as soon as, after, then, finally, meanwhile, following, last, during, in, on, until

A

chronological order

73
Q

less, more, primary, next, last, most important, primarily, secondarily

A

order of importance/ interest or climactic

74
Q
  • above, below, beside, next to, in front of, behind, inside, outside, opposite, within, nearby
A

spatial order

75
Q

is, refers to, can be defined as, means, consists of, involves, is a term that, is called

A

definition order

76
Q

classified as, comprises, is composed of, several, varieties of, different stages of, different groups that

A

classifciation

77
Q

first, next, then, following, after that, last, finally

A

process

78
Q

_________: because, for, since, stems from, one cause is, one reason is, leads to, causes, creates, yields, due to, breeds, for this reason // ______: consequently, results in, one result is, therefore, thus, as a result, hence

A

cause and effect

79
Q

Similarities: both, also, similarly, like, likewise, too, as well as, resembles, correspondingly, in the same way, to compare, in comparison, share// Differences: unlike, differs from, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, despite, nevertheless, however, in spite of, whereas, as opposed to

A

comparison and contrast

80
Q

the following, several, for example, for instance, one, another, also, too, in other words, first, second, numerals (1, 2, 3…), letters (a, b, c…)

A

listing

81
Q

in fact, in other words, clearly

A

clarification

82
Q

in summary, in conclusion, in brief, to summarize, to sum up, in short, on the

A

summary

83
Q

for example, for instance, to illustrate

A

exmaple

84
Q

furthermore, additionally, also, besides, further, in addition, moreover, again

A

addition

85
Q

occurs when ideas are connected at the conceptual level

A

coherence

86
Q

connection of ideas at the sentence level

A

cohesion

87
Q

achieved when a composition contains one focused idea

A

unity

88
Q

refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage, including both the main point of sentences and the main point of each paragraph.

A

choherence

89
Q

focuses the reader’s attention on the main ideas and the specific people, things, and events you are writing about.

A

coherent passage

90
Q

is also a very important aspect of academic writing because it immediately affects the tone of your writing.

A

cohesion

91
Q

refers to the connection of your ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level.

A

cohesive writing

92
Q

is important because it allows writers to make multiple references to people, things, and events without reintroducing them at each turn.

A

cohesion

93
Q

Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical relationships.

A

transition

94
Q

In sentence B, repeat a word from sentence A.

A

repetition

95
Q

If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word you wish to repeat. This strategy is called ‘elegant variation.’

A

synonymy

96
Q

Using the ‘opposite’ word, an antonym, can also create sentence cohesion, since in language antonyms actually share more elements of meaning than you might imagine.

A

antonymy

97
Q

Use a pronoun, pro-verb, or another pro-form to make explicit reference back to a form mentioned earlier.

A

pro-forms

98
Q

Use a commonly paired or expected or highly probable word to connect one sentence to another.

A

collocation

99
Q

Use overt markers of sequence to highlight the connection between ideas. This system has many advantages: (a) it can link ideas that are otherwise completely unconnected, (b) it looks formal and distinctive, and (c) it promotes a second method of sentence cohesion.

A

enumeration

100
Q

Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest, most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of creating cohesion.

A

parellelism

101
Q

is achieved when a composition is focused on one idea.

A

unity

102
Q

is about the arrangement of

A

organizations

103
Q

is the connection of ideas in the concept level

A

coherence

104
Q

is the connection of ideas in the sentence level

A

cohesion

105
Q

is oneness of ideas all pertaining to the theme or the topic sentence

A

unity

106
Q

is one of the clearest indicators of a well written text. It enables writers to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader.

A

language use

107
Q

An effective language is: S_______, C________, F____________, C___________, and A___________

A

sepcific, concise, familiar, correct and appropriate

108
Q

slang, local expressions, text messaging

A

informal/personality

109
Q

widely accepted words and phrases found in books, magazines, and newspapers

A

standard/academic

110
Q

scientific terms, jargons, and special expressions

A

business/technical

111
Q

Principles in Language Use/ Diction
1. Use _____and _____ sentences, usually about ___ words long.
2. Avoid _______, cliches _______, and highfalutin
3. Although may be used, avoid overusing “_____” and “___”, drop it
4. Use _______vocabulary. Be ________. C_______.
5. Be __________in pronoun POV
6. Avoid _____language.
7. Use appropriate level of _________.

A

clear and concise
redundancies, wordniess
there and it
precise, accurate, condensed
consistent
sexist
formality

112
Q

focuses on the technicalities of the structure. It determines errors on subject-verb agreement, prepositions, tenses, the grammar, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations and acronyms, the use of numbers as part of the statement, and the punctuation marks.

A

mechanics

113
Q

used after sentences, in abbreviations, and as decimals

A

period .

114
Q

placed at the emphatic or forceful sentences

A

exclamation pojint !

115
Q

placed at the end of a question and to note questionable items

A

question mark ?

116
Q

to indicate direct quotations
for titles of peoms, short stories, chapters, essays, songs, episodes of television shows

A

quotation marks “ “

117
Q

to show possession (Angel’s bag), to show missing letters and number (you’re, ’95), to show plurals of letters (I got all A’s last semester.)

A

apostrophe ‘

118
Q

after independent clauses to introduce elements. “The coach demanded three things from his players: loyalty, devotion, and teamwork.”/ to separate items in numerals, ratios, titles and subtitles, time references, scripture references

A

colon :

119
Q

to set off nonessential details and explanations, to enclose letters and numbers used when listing items, first-time use of acronym

A

parenthesis ( )

120
Q

to set off clarifications inserted in quotations, Eric observed, “I think [Rodrigo] Duterte was the greatest president.”

A

brackets [ ]

121
Q

to separate or join words

A

hyphen -

122
Q

to show sudden break of thought “Ted was angry after his car was stolen—who wouldn’t be?”/
to set off an introduction to a series “They have everything needed to succeed—ideas, money, and marketing.”

A

dash –

123
Q

to separate words or to show alternatives (he/she)

A

slash /

124
Q

to join independent clauses when and, or, yet, but, or so are not present, to separate items in a series that contains commas “The governor will meet with Rey Simon, the mayor of Concepcion; Bert Vesca, the vice mayor; and Peter Cayabyab.”

A

semicolon ;

125
Q

to indicate that words have been deleted from quoted material

A

ellipsis . . .

126
Q

to signal pauses and shifts in sentences, used with and, or, so, but, yet to join independent clauses “Chinatown is a popular tourist attraction, and it serves as an important cultural center.”

A

comma ,

127
Q

General Principles
 Always use __________ English
 Avoid ________(shouldn’t, gonna)
 Avoid ______marks unless part of a _____
 Mention ____ name in first mention. Thereafter, use ____________.
 Numbers zero to ten vs 11 and so on
 ________are used in academic and formal texts but sparingly used in business texts

A

standard
contraction
exclamation, quotation
full
citations

128
Q

means trying to find a mistake and correct it with focus on the mechanics such as Punctuation, Capitalization, Grammar, and Run-On sentences.

A

proofreading

129
Q

movement from one sentence to another or from one paragraph to another.

A

organization

130
Q

The quality that gives the paragraph a specific direction.

A

organization

131
Q

It guides the reader’s mind towards the point the writer wishes to make.

A

organization

132
Q

The writer does this by arranging the contents of a paragraph in a manner that makes it easy for the reader to follow.

A

organization

133
Q

– it deals with how ideas stick together.

A

coherence and cohesion

134
Q

ideas are link logically to prove your thesis. Transition words help link your ideas together.

A

coherence

135
Q

– ideas are clearly stated not jumbled and direct to the point

A

cohesion

136
Q

Avoid using jargons, slang and idiomatic expressions but rather terms which are acceptable and known by men.

A

language use

137
Q

LANGUAGE USE
eliminating __________
avoiding unecessary _____ of words
cutting ____/______ phrases
simplifying needlessly ______ sentences
Avoiding Doublespeak / __________ Language
Avoiding ______ and _____Words
Avoiding _____Language

A

redundancies
repetition
empty/inflated
complex
highfalutin
archaic and slang
sexist

138
Q

refers to the rules of the written language such as capitalization, punctuation and spelling.

A

mechanics

139
Q

is a group of sentences that deals with one particular idea. Each paragraph consists of sentences which are relevant to one another.

A

paragraph

140
Q

is also called as the main paragraph. It actually reveals what the writer proposes, argues or explains.

A

topic sentence

141
Q
A

Reading And Writing (3 decks)

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