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Enterprise, Culture & Business in the World > 3rd partial > Flashcards

3rd partial Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acquired norms based on values, attitudes and beliefs of a group of people

A

culture

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2
Q

elements of culture which are basis of how IB make decisions

A 
material
social institutions
religion and superstitions 
aesthetics
language
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3
Q

established since childhood and hard to modify

A

cultural values

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4
Q

how can cultural values can change?

A

due to choice
imposition (cultural imperialism)
contact with other cultures

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5
Q

occurs when divergent cultures interact

  • when company implements practices less effective than planned
  • when employees have conflict due to foreign behaviors
A

cultural shock

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6
Q

behavior practices that affect IB

A
  1. language
  2. social stratification
  3. work motivation
  4. communication context
  5. time management
  6. cultural dimensions
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7
Q

affiliation to groups
- assigned group (by sex, family, age, nationality)

-acquired group (choosing to be a part of)

A

social stratification

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8
Q

6 types of work motivation

A

materialism
success expectation and reward
performance and achievement
hierarchy of needs

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9
Q

to obtain economic retribution

A

materialism

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10
Q

to obtain a larger sentimental and material retribution

A

success expectation and reward

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11
Q

to prove something

A

performance and achievement

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12
Q

basic needs first and then the most sophisticated

A

hierarchy of needs

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13
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
physiological
safety
love / belonging
esteem
self-actualization
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14
Q

depends on non verbal elements

A

high context

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15
Q

explicit communication

A

low context

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16
Q

type of time management

sequential work
time divided in small units
tangible

A

monochromic time

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17
Q

type of time management

parallel work, different things happen at the same time
human transactions are more important than complying with time

A

polychromic time

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18
Q

hofstede cultural dimensions

A 
power distance
individualism
masculinity
uncertainty avoidance
long term orientation 
indulgence
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19
Q

Alta distancia al poder
se obedece la autoridad sin cuestionar
los gerentes toman las decisiones autocráticas y paternalistas
los subordinados obedecen las órdenes sin replicar
existe un control riguroso de las operaciones
ética de trabajo es bastante débil
propia para países latinoamericanos y asiáticos (Malasia, Filipinas, México, Venezuela)

Baja distancia al poder
gente da mucha valor a la independencia
los gerentes consultan decisiones con los subordinados antes de tomarlas
existe una ética de trabajo fuerte
existe en países de América del Norte y muchos países europeos (EE.UU.,Canadá, Dinamarca, Gran Bretaña y Austria)

A

power distance

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20
Q

The degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members

Individualism – Me and my family
Colectivism – The community

A

individualism

21
Q

se espera que las personas sean autosuficientes
se da mucha importancia a la iniciativa y logros individuales
se aprecia mucho la autonomía y la seguridad financiera individual
se alienta a la gente a tomar decisiones personales sin contar con el resto del grupo
se detectó principalmente en países industrializados

A

alto individualismo

22
Q

se da mucha importancia a las decisiones en grupo
nadie quiere ser en el centro de atención aún realizando bien su trabajo
el sentido de pertenecer es muy importante
la fuerza proviene del grupo
Países con esa característica: Ecuador, Guatemala, Paquistán e Indonesia

A

bajo individualismo

23
Q

society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner

The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Masculine) or liking what you do (Feminine).

A

masculinity

24
Q

dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life.

A

feminine

25
Q

Alta inclinación a evitar incertidumbre
se trata de atenuar el riesgo y de idear sistemas y métodos para afrontar ambigüedad
las actividades organizacionales se formalizan
existen muchas normas y reglas para asegurarse de que la gente sepa lo que debe hacer
se observa alto grado de ansiedad y estrés entre las personas
se nota la preocupación por seguridad
las decisiones se toman en grupo
se da en Grecia, Uruguay, Guatemala, Portugal, Japón y Corea

Baja inclinación de evitar incertidumbre
existe menor estructuración de las actividades
se estimula gente a asumir riesgos
las personas con menos estrés aceptan mejor la disidencia y desacuerdo
se recurre mucho mas a su iniciativa personal
se encontró en Singapur, Suecia, Gran Bretaña, EE.UU. Y Canadá

A

uncertainty avoidance

extent of threat of unknown situations

26
Q

Alto Pragmatismo
La sociedad comprende que mucho de lo que sucede no puede ser explicado. Culturas que se enfocan más en los detalles que en principios abstractos.

Bajo Pragmatismo (Idealismo)
Culturas que se enfocan mas en establecer principios generales antes de intentar resolver pequeños asuntos.
A

long term orientation

27
Q

The extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses

A

Indulgence Vs. Restriction

28
Q

Money denominated in the currency of another nation or group of nations.

A

foreign exchange

29
Q

price of a currency

*Number of units of one currency that buy one unit of another currency.

A

exchange rates

30
Q

systems of exchange rates

A

fixed

floating

31
Q

based on government intervention

A

fixed

FIXED (12.2%)
Tied to a specific value

32
Q

based on supply and demand of currency (market forces)

A

floating

MANAGED FLOATING(45.7%)
Rigid with a few changes based on market trends

FLOATING (42.1%)
Based on supply and demand

33
Q

Forms of calculating exchange rates

A

direct
indirect
cross

34
Q

cost of one unit of foreign currency is given in units of local currency

A

direct

35
Q

cost of one unit of local currency is given in units of foreign currency

A

indirect

36
Q

to determine the value of an exchange rate between two currencies, you need a third common value

A

cross

37
Q

the price at which the dealer is willing to buy the foreign currency

A

bid (buy) rate

38
Q

the price at which the dealer is willing to sell the foreign currency

A

offer (sell) rate

39
Q

the difference between the bid and offer rates, the dealer’s profit margin

A

spread

40
Q

company’s decisions for market selection

A
  1. where to locate sales, production and administration
  2. what sequence of steps to follow to enter different countries
  3. what portion of resources to assign to each country of operation
41
Q

2 steps to select

A
  1. exploration

2. detailed analysis

42
Q

examine most countries, eliminating countries until left with the most promising

comparing info easily available

A

exploration

43
Q

complete detailed analysis

involves visiting countries and on topics focused and aligned with company’s objectives ($$$$)

A

detailed analysis

44
Q

Method to select the optimal country to export a product out of a list of possibilities.

To measure the possibilities of success, it takes into account the factors

A

Wicklund method

45
Q

Select the most relevant variables to make the decision based on the research. (Select 8 variables)

A

step 1 decision variables

46
Q

Assign a “weight” to each variables, the weight indicated the relative importance to the decision. (May be a value, 0< weight <1, where 1 is the most important)

A

weight assignment 2

47
Q

Each country is assigned a numerical value in accordance to the performance researched. A rubric should be created for each type of variable. (Value 0< performance <10 where 10 is the best performance)

A

performance evaluation 3

48
Q

Multiply the weight of each variable times the performance value. Sum up the totals per country.

A

calculation 4

49
Q

The country with the highest global performance is chosen as the optimal market to export.

A

conclusion 5

Enterprise, Culture & Business in the World (3 decks)

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