3rd Edition Chapter 19 Crew Resource Management

Question 1

A behavioral approach to reducing human error in high-risk or high-consequence activities?

Answer 1

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

Question 2

5 steps to create a safety culture?

Answer 2

1. Provide honest sharing of safety information without the fear of reprisal from superiors
2. Adopt a non punitive policy toward errors
3. Take action to reduce errors in the system. Walk the talk
4. Train fire fighters in error avoidance and detection
5. Train fire officers in evaluating situations, reinforcing error avoidance, and managing the safety process

Question 3

According to Dr. James Reason, what are the two reasons why holes appear in layers of defense?

Answer 3

1. Active Failures

2. Laten Conditions

Question 4

Unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system?

Answer 4

Active Failures

Question 5

Inevitable “resident pathogens” within the system?

Answer 5

Latent Conditions

Question 6

Latent conditions have two kinds of adverse effects?

Answer 6

1. They can translate into error-provoking conditions with the local workplace
2. They can create long-lasting holes or weaknesses in the defense

Question 7

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is an error management model with three activities?

Answer 7

1. Avoidance
2. Entrapment
3. Mitigation

Question 8

Provides the greatest opportunity for trapping and preventing errors from becoming a catastrophe?

Answer 8

Error Avoidance

Question 9

The action taken by emergency responders to minimize the effect of an emergency on a community?

Answer 9

Mitigation

Question 10

The fire service CRM model covers six areas?

Answer 10

1. Communication Skills
2. Teamwork
3. Task allocation
4. Critical decision making
5. Situational awareness
6. Debriefing

Question 11

The successful transfer and understanding of a thought from one person to another?

Answer 11

Communication

Question 12

Discrete, learnable skills that promote synergy between the mechanical element and the human players in a scenario?

Answer 12

Inquiry and Advocacy

Question 13

The process of questioning a situation that causes concern?

Answer 13

Inquiry

Question 14

The statement of opinion that recommends what the person believes is the proper course of action under a specific set of circumstances?

Answer 14

Advocacy

Question 15

Todd Bishop, five-step assertive statement process that encompasses the inquiry and advocacy communications steps?

Answer 15

1. Use an opening/attention getter
2. State your concern
3. State the problem as you see it
4. State a solution
5. Obtain agreement or buy-in

Question 16

What are the three components that comprise the triangle of leadership?

Answer 16

1. Trust and Respect
2. Effective Leadership
3. Leadership Skills

Question 17

True respect is base on three competencies?

Answer 17

1. Personal
2. Technical
3. Social

Question 18

Referes to an individual’s own internal strengths, capabilities, and character?

Answer 18

Personal Competence

Question 19

Refers to an individual’s ability to perform tasks that require specific knowledge or skills?

Answer 19

Technical Competence

Question 20

Refers to the person’s ability to interact effectively with other people?

Answer 20

Social Competence

Question 21

All followers should perform a self-assessment of their ability to function as part of a team. The self-assessment should consider four critical areas?

Answer 21

1. Physical Condition
2. Mental Condition
3. Attitude
4. Understanding human behavior

Question 22

Dividing responsibilities among individuals and teams in a manner that allows for their effective accomplishment?

Answer 22

Task Allocation

Question 23

Occurs when the fire officer exceeds his or her capacity to manage all of the simultaneous functions and responsibilities?

Answer 23

Task Overload

Question 24

What are the two decision-making models identified by cognitive psychologist Gary Klein?

Answer 24

1. Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD)

2. Naturalistic Decision Making

Question 25

Which decision making model, describes how commanders can recognize a plausible plan of action?

Answer 25

Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD)

Question 26

Which decision making model, describes how commanders make decisions in their natural environment?

Answer 26

Naturalistic Decision Making

Question 27

The accurate perception of what is going on around you. The awareness of acknowledging and assessing; the basis for choosing courses of action of the situation both now and in the future?

Answer 27

Situational Awareness

Question 28

What are the six steps that should be followed to maintain emergency scene situational awareness?

Answer 28

1. Fight the fire
2. Assess problems in the time available
3. Gather information from all sources
4. Choose the best option
5. Monitor results and alter the plan as necessary
6. Beware of situational awareness loss factors

Question 29

What are the seven situational awareness loss factors?

Answer 29

1. Ambiguity
2. Distraction
3. Fixation
4. Overload
5. Complacency
6. Improper Procedure
7. Unresolved Discrepancy

Question 30

An event, order, or message that has more than one potential meaning?

Answer 30

Ambiguity

Question 31

Anything that takes attention away from the larger mission?

Answer 31

Distraction

Question 32

Tunnel Vision?

Answer 32

Fixation

Question 33

More things are happening than one person can process?

Answer 33

Overload

Question 34

When humans perform the same process repeatedly, they tend to become bored due to the hypnotic effect of repetitive action?

Answer 34

Complacency

Question 35

Offers personnel operating at an incident the opportunity to “replay” the event, extract lessons learned, and evaluate performance?

Answer 35

Debriefing

Question 36

Lubnau and Okray recommend a five-step model that lays out a simple formula for conducting a successful debriefing?

Answer 36

1. Just the Facts
2. What did you do?
3. What went wrong?
4. What went right?
5. What are you going to do about it?