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microbio > 3M > Flashcards

3M Flashcards

1
Q

a disease that can be spread from one person to the other.

A

Communicable disease

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2
Q

a non-infectious disease that cannot be spread, lifestyle related

A

Non-communicable disease

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3
Q

disease

A

pathos

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4
Q

microbe that can cause a disease

A

Pathogen

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5
Q

study of structural and functional manifestations of the disease

A

Pathology

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6
Q

the ability of the pathogen to cause a disease

A

Pathogenicity

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7
Q

mechanism s involved in the development of a disease

A

Pathogenesis

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8
Q

colonization by a pathogen

A

Infection

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9
Q

o the virulence of the pathogen
o how the pathogen that enters the body
o number of organisms that enter the host

A

AGENT

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10
Q

person’s health and nutritional status

A

HOST

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10
Q

o Physical factors such as heat, location, etc.
o Availability of appropriate reservoirs, hosts, vectors
o Sanitary and housing and water supply

A

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

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11
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD

A

AGENT
HOST
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

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12
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A

pathogen
source of the pathogen/reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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13
Q

4 PHASES IN THE COURSE OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE

A

INCUBATION PERIOD
PRODROMAL PERIOD
PERIOD OF ILLNESS
CONVALESCENT PERIOD

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14
Q

time between the arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms

A

INCUBATION PERIOD

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15
Q

person feels out sorts but doesn’t experience actual symptoms; person feels like coming down with something but is unsure about it

A

PRODROMAL PERIOD

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16
Q

person experiences typical symptoms associated with that particular disease; This is where communicable diseases are easily transmitted

A

PERIOD OF ILLNESS

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17
Q

patient recovers or may have permanent damage from the destruction of tissues

A

CONVALESCENT PERIOD

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18
Q

infections located in one organ or organ system

A

LOCALIZED INFECTION

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19
Q

infection that involves 2 or m ore organ system

A

GENERALIZED / SYSTEMIC INFECTION

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20
Q

known to have a rapid onset and recovery

A

ACUTE INFECTION

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21
Q

infection with a slow onset and
prolonged duration; i.e. leprosy

A

CHRONIC INFECTION

22
Q

in between; i.e. bacterial endocarditis

A

SUBACUTE INFECTION

23
Q

o experience perceived by the patient only
o subjective manifestation meaning only the patient can tell and express the presence and degree of severity of a manifestation

A

SYMPTOMS

24
Q

objective evidence of a disease

A

SIGN

25
Q

infectious disease that may go from symptomatic to asymptomatic, then sometime later go back to symptomatic

A

LATENT INFECTIONS

26
Q

infectious disease caused by one pathogen

A

PRIMARY INFECTION

27
Q

an infection that superimposes the primary infection but caused by a different pathogen

A

SECONDARY INFECTION

28
Q

STEPS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

A

Entry of pathogen
Attachment of pathogen to some tissues Multiplication of pathogen resulting in localized infection
Spread of pathogen to neighboring tissues or to the bloodstream
Evasion of host defenses
Damage to host tissues

29
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS

A

ATTACHMENT
OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
CAPSULE
FLAGELLA
EXOENZYMES
TOXINS

30
Q

some pathogens must anchor or attach them selves to target cell right after they have gained access to the body

A

ATTACHMENT

31
Q

some bacteria must live within host cells to survive and multiply. These pathogens can quickly adapt to an intracellular environment

A

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS

32
Q

Pathogens that can live both within and outside host cells. It is considered a virulence factor because these pathogens can reside practically anywhere

A

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS

33
Q

enables the flagellated (motile) bacteria to invade aqueous areas of the body, thus it also enables the bacteria to avoid phagocytosis since it’s more difficult for phagocytes to catch a moving target

A

FLAGELLA

34
Q

enzymes produced by pathogens that enable them to evade host defense mechanisms, invade, or cause damage to body tissues

A

EXOENZYMES

35
Q

exoenzymes that destroy tissues

A

Necrotizing Enzymes (proteases and lipases

36
Q

▪ causes clotting by conversion of fibrinogen
to fibrin
▪ enable the pathogen to clot plasma and
thereby to form a sticky coat of fibrin around
themselves for protection from phagocytes

A

Coagulase

37
Q

▪ have the opposite effect of coagulase
▪ pathogens that produce kinases are able to escape from clots. It is necessary for them because normally, the host will cause a fibrin clot to form around pathogens in an attempt to wall them off and prevent them from invading deeper. If they are able to escape the clot, they will not be trapped and can certainly move away from the pathogen

A

Kinases / Fibrinolysins

38
Q

▪ also called as “spreading factor”
because they dissolve hyaluronic acid and collagen enabling pathogens to invade deeper into tissues
▪ Hyaluronic acid and collagen are important structures in the tissues and blood vessels

A

Hyaluronidase

39
Q

Enzymes that cause damage to the
host’s red blood cells and also provides the pathogens with a source of iron

A

Hemolysins

40
Q

breaks down phospholipids that are
collectively referred to as lecithin. They
are destructive to cell m em branes because the membranes are made up if phospholipid bilayer

A

Lecithinase

41
Q

breaks down collagen, produced by Clostridium perfringens

A

Collagenase

42
Q

▪ parts of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria
▪ can cause serious, adverse, physiologic effects such as fever and shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from very low blood pressure and an inadequate blood supply to body tissues and organs

A

Endotoxins

43
Q

▪ toxins that are produced within cells
and then released from the cells;

A

Exotoxins

44
Q

▪ affects the Central Nervous System
▪ Produced by Clostridium botulinum

A

Neurotoxins

45
Q

▪ affect the gastrointestinal tract, often
causing diarrhea and sometimes
vomiting
▪ Vibrio cholerae – CHOLERA, Bacillus
cereus – FOOD POISONING in IMPROPERLY COOKED FOOD, Salmonella sp. – ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS Shigella - DYSENTERY

A

Enterotoxins

46
Q

▪ causes the epidermal layers of skin to slough
away
▪ Staphylococcus aureus – Staphylococcal
Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Exfoliative toxin

47
Q

Produced by Streptococcus pyogenes –
SCARLET FEVER

A

ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN

48
Q

kills WBCS, Staphylococcus aureus

A

LEUKOCIDIN

49
Q

produced by Corynebacterium diphteriae

A

DIPHTHERIA TOXIN

50
Q

Pathogens are able to periodically change their surface antigens

A

ANTIGENIC VARIATION

51
Q

Pathogens conceal their foreign nature by coating them selves with host proteins

A

CAMOUFLAGE

52
Q

Pathogen’s surface antigens closely resemble host antigens and are therefore not recognized as being foreign

A

MOLECULAR MIMICRY

microbio (7 decks)

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