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1M Flashcards

1
Q

study of microbes; most of these microbes essentially need the use of various types of microscopes in order to be seen and studied.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

very small living and nonliving entities.

A

MICROBES

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3
Q

2 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF MICROBES

A

Acellular microbes and Cellular microbes

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4
Q

“infectious particles” ; includes viruses and prions, lack the cell structure and organelles

A

Acellular microbes

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5
Q

include all bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi

A

Cellular microbes

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6
Q

disease-causing microbes

A

PATHOGENS

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7
Q

microbes that do not cause disease

A

NON-PATHOGENS

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8
Q

resident microbes in a particular organ/organ system

A

INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA

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9
Q

resident microbiota primarily

A

bacteria and fungi

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10
Q

bacteria that live on the skin are anaerobes, most commonly species of

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis, other staphylococci, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium

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11
Q

contains abundant and varied population of microbes because area is moist and warm

A

Upper respiratory tract

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12
Q

free of microbes because of inherent defense mechanisms

A

Lower respiratory tract

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13
Q

shelter for numerous anaerobic and aerobic bacteria

A

microbiota of the oral cavity

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14
Q

most common indigenous microbiota of the mouth

A

various species of ahemolytic streptococci

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15
Q

formation of dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

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16
Q

Helicobacter pylori bacteria

A

Can survive and found in ulcers

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17
Q

abundant microbes

A

jejunum and ileum

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18
Q

contains the largest number and variety of
microorganisms, most often obligate, aerotolerant, and
facultative anaerobes

A

colon

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19
Q

microorganisms most often present in colon

A

obligate, aerotolerant, and facultative anaerobes

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20
Q

why are microbes from the GI tract removed?

A

result of defecation

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21
Q

strile organs

A

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, inner ear, middle ear, reproductive organs except vagina

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22
Q

Pathogens that usually don’t cause any problem but have the potential to if they gain access to a part where they do not belong

A

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

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23
Q

a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease

A

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

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24
Q

when a person ingests a toxin that has been pre-formed by a microbe.

A

MICROBIAL INTOXICATION

25
Q

the basic unit of life or the fundamental structure of any living organism.

A

CELL

26
Q

refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within the cell such as cell division for it to reproduce and production of ATP for growth and other activities.

A

METABOLISM

27
Q

is like the skin around the cell which separates it from the external environment and it also regulates the passage of different materials into and out of the cells because of its property of selective permeability

A

CELL MEMBRANE

28
Q

THIS IS WHERE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES EXIST!

A

NUCLEUS

29
Q

acts as the command center of the cell

A

NUCLEUS

30
Q

like the cytoplasm in the nucleus, gel-like substance

A

NUCLEOPLASM

31
Q

in eukaryotic, there’s DNA, then located along it are the genes that carry genetic information

A

CHROMOSOME

32
Q

used to encode proteins

A

GENES

33
Q

the envelope that covers the nucleus

A

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

34
Q

semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix where the organelles are immersed

A

CYTOPLASM

35
Q

convoluted
membranes that serve as the transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the cytoplasm

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

36
Q

presence of ribosomes, protein synthesis

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

37
Q

absence of ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detoxification

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

38
Q

the body that connects with the ER. It packages the proteins formed in the ER into small vesicles for storage and export outside the cell

A

GOLGI COMPLEX

39
Q

vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus. It also contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes in charge of PHAGOCYTOSIS and APOPTOSIS

A

LYSOSOMES

40
Q

the engulfing and digesting large particles of pathogens by phagocytes

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

41
Q

is the breaking down old or worn-out parts of the cell

A

APOPTOSIS

42
Q

vesicles in which Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down by the enzyme catalase. H2O2 is needed to be broken down to water and oxygen to be less toxic in a process called DETOXIFICATION

A

PEROXISOMES

43
Q

powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP made from our food sources

A

MITOCHONDRIA

44
Q

present in SOME eukaryotic cells. It provides rigidity, shape and protection of the cell . Its structure in eukaryotes is much simpler compared to prokaryotes

A

CELL WALL

45
Q

present in SOME eukaryotic cells. It is long, thin, helps in motility of the cell. It has a whip-like movement and consists of 3 or more threads of protein called FLAGELLIN, twisted like a rope

A

FLAGELLA

46
Q

present in SOME eukaryotic cells - shorter, thinner, more numerous - for locomotion by beating in a coordinated rhythmic movement

A

CILIA

47
Q

(in prokaryotic cell) only contains a single, long, supercoiled DNA - serves as the CONTROL CENTER OF BACTERIAL CELL

A

CHROMOSOME

48
Q

present in SOME prokaryotic cells. It is small, circular molecule of double-stranded DNA, referred to as extrachromosomal DNA because it’s not part of the chromosome and is found in most bacteria

A

PLASMID

49
Q

hair like structures common in GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, consist of polymerized protein called PILIN. Is much thinner than flagella, have rigid structure, not associated with motility

A

PILI / FIMBRIAE

50
Q

2 types of pili

A

SEX PILI and ANCHORING PILI

51
Q

facilitates transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another after attachment

A

SEX PILI

52
Q

helps the bacteria anchor themselves to surfaces and then able to cause diseases

A

ANCHORING PILI

53
Q

a copy of chromosome and some cytoplasm is enclosed in thick protein coats, which is now resistant to heat, cold, and to the harsh external and internal environment, formed during the process of sporulation, made up of Calcium Dipicolinate

A

SPORES

54
Q

PARTS OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL

A

CELL MEMBRANE, CHROMOSOME, CYTOPLASM, PLASMID, PILI / FIMBRIAE, SPORES, CELL WALL, FLAGELLA, GLYCOCALYX

55
Q

PARTS OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL

A

CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER), GOLGI COMPLEX, LYSOSOMES, PEROXISOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, CELL WALL, FLAGELLA, CILIA

56
Q

Causes diarrhea

A

Escherichia

57
Q

Importance of capsule

A

Antiphagocytic function which causes it tobe stronger

58
Q

Example of capsule bacteria

A

Neisseria meningiditis, streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae

microbio (7 decks)

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