3d - Major Arteries of the Lower Body and Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation Flashcards
Name the major branches of the thoracic aorta and their destinations.
1) Bronchial - Lungs
2) Esophageal - Esophagus
3) Posterior intercostals (9) - Ribs
4) Pericardial - Pericardium
5) Superior phrenic - Posterior, superior diaphragm
6) Subcostal - N/A
Name the major branches of the abdominal aorta and their destinations.
1) Inferior phrenic - Paired branch that supplies inferior diaphragm
2) Celiac trunk - 1cm before it bifurcates and goes to superior viscera (stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, part of S.I.)
3) Superior mesenteric - Supplies all of small intestine and half of large intestine (up to transverse colon)
4) Suprarenal - Adrenal glands
5) Renal - Kidneys
6) Gonadal - Testicles or ovaries
7) Inferior mesenteric - Last half of large intestine (transverse colon onwards)
8) Lumbar - Lumbar region
9) Median sacral - Sacrum and coccyx
Terminates when it divides into the left and right common iliac arteries.
Name the major branches of the common iliac artery and their destinations.
The common iliac artery branches at the sacroiliac joint into the internal iliac (supplies pelvic) and external iliac (supplies lower limb) arteries.
The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery when it passes the inguinal ligament.
Name the major branches of the internal iliac artery and their destinations.
1) Superior/inferior gluteal - Gluteal muscles
2) Obturator - Adductor muscles
Name the major branches of the femoral artery and their destinations.
Profunda femoral - Branches near the origin and is the main supplier of the thigh
Becomes the popliteal artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus.
Describe the branches of the profunda femoral artery.
Has two branches: the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries that wrap around the neck of the femur and fuse. The medial supplies the head of the femur.
The lateral circumflex femoral has a descending branch that runs anterior to vastus lateralis and supplies it.
Describe the path of the popliteal artery.
Branches above the knee to form genicular arteries that circle the knee and act as an alternative blood supply.
Passes through popliteal fossa and branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries inferior to the head of the fibula.
Describe the path of the anterior tibial artery.
The anterior tibial artery goes down anterior leg and supplies the anterior compartment of the leg.
Becomes the dorsalis pedis at the ankle and supplies the top of the foot.
Describe the path of the posterior tibial artery.
Descends in the posteromedial region of the leg to supply flexors.
Passes behind the medial malleolus and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries (supplies sole).
Forms plantar arch which have digital arteries that go to toes.
Proximally branches into the fibular artery and descends medial to the fibula. Supplies flexors and fibularis muscles.
Describe the path of the saphenous veins.
Long saphenous - Branch of femoral that runs down whole lateral side of lower limb
Short saphenous - branch of popliteal vein that runs on the medial leg.
Describe the path of the superficial upper limb veins.
Cephalic - Originates on lateral dorsal hand and wraps around anteriorly and runs up the arm.
Basilic - Originates on medial dorsal hand and paths up to the anterior forearm and runs up the arm parallel to the cephalic vein.
Medial cubital - Formed by the fusion of a branch from the cephalic and basilic veins near the elbow and runs halfway down the forearm.
Describe the formation of the Superior Vena Cava.
Branches into left and right brachiocephalic.
Branches into internal jugular and subclavian.
Subclavian sends external jugular branch up soon after.
