3C - Synaptic Plasticity

Question 1

Synaptic Plasticity

Answer 1

The ability of synaptic connections to change over time in response to experience or activity

Question 2

Sprouting

Answer 2

The ability of axons or dendrites to sprout new extensions, which allows for more synaptic connections, or longer reach

(Dendritic spines: dendrite fibres that grow as a result of sprouting on the post-synaptic neuron
Filigree appendages: fibres that grow from the axon terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron as a result of sprouting
Synaptogenesis: formation of new synapses that result from the process of sprouting)

Question 3

Rerouting

Answer 3

The ability for new connections to be formed between neurons to establish alternative neural pathways
OR
The ability of a neuron that’s connected to a damaged neuron to form a new connection with an undamaged neuron, this circuit is reestablished

Question 4

Pruning

Answer 4

Involves the removal of excess (unused/inactive) synaptic connections to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions

Question 5

Plasticity In Learning And Memory

Answer 5

Memory-
Encoding, storing and retrieving information that has been encountered
Learning-
Acquiring knowledge, skills or behaviours through experience

Question 6

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 6

Is the relatively permanent strengthening of synaptic connections as a result of repeated activation of a neural pathway

When neurons are coactivated, neurotransmitters are repeatedly released into the synaptic gap by the pre-synaptic neuron

The ‘high-intensity’ stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron strengthens the connection

A strong synapse means that the post-synaptic neurons are more receptive to signals from the pre-synaptic neurons

Question 7

Long-Term Depression (LTD)

Answer 7

Is the relatively permanent weakening of synaptic connections as a result of repeated low-level activation of a neural pathway

LTD involves the infrequent release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. This means the post-synaptic neurons is being infrequently stimulated and the connection weakens

A weak synapse means that the post-synaptic neurons are less receptive to signals from the pre-synaptic neurons