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OCR A level Geog p2-Changing spaces making places > 3.c. Social inequality impacts people and places in different ways > Flashcards

3.c. Social inequality impacts people and places in different ways Flashcards

1
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- place characteristics

A
  • Northwood is a community in the northern part of Irvine
  • more than 21,000 people living in Northwood in over 2000 households
  • 1/3 of households are families with children of school age
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2
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- evidence of social inequality- housing conditions

A
  • 91% of households own their own home and 2/3 of these have lived in Northwood for more than 10 years
  • average household size 2.8 people
  • many of the streets are linked with trees
  • average house price US$1,000,000
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3
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- evidence of social inequality- environmental quality

A
  • air pollution low as Northwood is on the edge of the Los Angeles conurbation and avoids smog common in places towards the centre of the conurbation
  • sea and beach nearby
  • green areas around Irvine
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4
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- evidence of social inequality- access to resources

A
  • lots of resources e.g. schools, hospitals, beaches and green spaces
  • plenty of clean, running water
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5
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California-factors that influence people’s social inequality- income

A
  • median income US$86,500 a year (national average US$2,250)

- access to employment- Uni of California is the city’s largest employer and offers lots of opportunities

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6
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California-factors that influence people’s social inequality- health

A
  • healthcare excellent- high levels of income mean residents can afford good healthcare and is available to them
  • high number of hospitals so easy access to emergency health care
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7
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California-factors that influence people’s social inequality- education

A
  • schools in area regularly assessed and are the best achieving in USA
  • 5 high schools, several tertiary education facilities
  • education standards high, many have first degrees and a good number with second degrees
  • uni of California is nearby
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8
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California-factors that influence people’s social inequality- age/gender/ethnicity/personal mobility

A

half the residents are white with the second most numerous group being Asian, mainly from Vietnam as after the USA left Vietnam, many former Vietnamese migrated to the west coast of the USA

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9
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- what is the future for Northwood

A
  • Irvine regularly features among the highest ranked cities in the USA for factors such as safety and management
  • area remains its reputation for high paid employment, even during downturns in the economy
  • crime is 70% lower than national average
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10
Q

Northwood, Irvine, Southern California- how does social inequality impact upon people’s lives in Northwood

A

as it has high quality housing, transport, infrastructure, education, facilities e.g. retailing and Mediterranean climate along with access to beaches, Irvine represents the opposite end of the economic spectrum to Jembatan Besi

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11
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- place characteristics

A
  • slum in Jakarta, 4km northwest of city centre
  • population of 400 and is one of Jakarta’s most densely populated districts
  • more than 1/4 of Jakarta’s inhabitants live in slums
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12
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia-factors that influence people’s social inequality-housing conditions

A
  • one of the most densely populated places in Indonesia
  • most homes consist of a well built ground floor made of timber and brick
  • increased pressure on space, extra stories have been added to houses using scrap materials
  • fire is a big risk due to overcrowding
  • no access to sunlight due to narrow alleyways and tall buildings
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13
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia-factors that influence people’s social inequality-environmental quality

A
  • in Jakarta there are huge problems with air pollution
  • air pollution has increased 66% over two years
  • annual concentration of PM2.5 increasing to 49.4 mcg/m³
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14
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia-factors that influence people’s social inequality-access to resources

A
  • airport 12 miles away
  • two hospitals around 8 miles away
  • these services are hard to walk in emergency conditions
  • tourist attractions e.g. Seaworld Indonesia
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15
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- factors that infleunces people’s social inequality- income

A
  • average income US$4 a day
  • employment insecure so many inhabitants do not get a regular income
  • many people will run their own business or work in clothing factories with little job security and many health hazards
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16
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- factors that infleunces people’s social inequality- health

A

-very little sanitation
-few homes have toilets or the toilets are not well built and run only for profit
-much sewage ends up pouring onto the streets
no clean, running water
-water borne diseases e.g. cholera are common
-humidity means malaria is an issue
-elderly and children risk from dehydration
-high air pollution

17
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- factors that infleunces people’s social inequality- education

A
  • some schools in Jakarta but these are poorly equipped
  • main reason children cannot complete formal education is because their families need them to be working so they can earn income for the household
  • young girls found working in garment factories where they will complete long hours in poor conditions
18
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- factors that infleunces people’s social inequality- age/gender/ethnicity/personal mobility

A
  • 25-54 years 42.4%
  • Islam is the most common religion-accounts for 86% of population
  • one male for every female
  • city of Jakarta has the highest number of overseases Chinese in Indonesia
19
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- what is the future for Jembatan Besi

A
  • slums will continue
  • government trying to create inroads in worst areas
  • planning is difficult and non existent in most slums
  • rebuilding means people have to relocate- causing problems as people move to different slum areas
  • strong sense of community
20
Q

Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia- how does social inequality impact upon people’s lives in Jembatan Besi

A
  • the wealthiest 10% of population in Indonesia control nearly 30% of all household income
  • poorest 10% have access to 3.4% of all household income
  • millionaires could be living a few streets away from the slums

OCR A level Geog p2-Changing spaces making places (11 decks)

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