1.a. Places are multi-faceted, shaped by shifting flows and connections which change over time Flashcards

1
Q

How does a place differ to a space

A

Places can have objective meaning e.g. map co-ordinated. They are given a subjective meaning by people. However spaces do not have subjective meaning

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2
Q

What are the 6 characteristics that form the identity of a place

A
  • cultural e.g. religion
  • political e.g. local government
  • socio-economic e.g. income
  • natural charactertistics e.g. road layout
  • built environment e.g. age of imhabitants
  • demography e.g. building materials
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3
Q

What is a place profile

A

-description of an area e.g. physical state, services, image of place, socio-economic

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4
Q

Where is Toxteth located

A

Inner Liverpool, 1.5km south of the city centre

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5
Q

What are the physical characteristics of Toxteth

A
  • Undulating land rising from the River Mersey’s banks
  • A stream flowing North East and splitting before discharging into the river
  • The Mersey is fast, since its channel narrows before Liverpool Bay (little foreshore)
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6
Q

What is the demographic of Toxteth

A
  • Fewer elderly residents, most are between 16 and 64 (75.5 per square hectare)
  • Fewer children
  • Immigrant population/descendants, due to post-war employment and housing
  • Immigrants from Asia, West Africa and the Caribbean
  • 78.6% white (much less)
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7
Q

What are the socio-economic characteristics of Toxteth

A
  • 24.0% owner-occupiers
  • 54.4% no access to a car/van
  • 9.4% with bad health
  • 14.1% 16+ with no formal qualifications
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8
Q

What are the political characteristics of Toxteth

A
  • 1 of 30 wards forming Liverpool City Council
  • 3 councillors per ward
  • Part of an electorate of 73,000
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9
Q

What are the cultural characteristics of Toxteth

A
  • Friday Prayers (Muslim community) different from Sunday Services (Christian community)
  • Black African, Caribbean community have a different form of Christian worship from Anglican
  • Cultural diversity as far back as a Greek Orthodox church built in the 19th century
  • The Synagogue is evidence of Jewish culture
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10
Q

Visually, how could Toxteth be described

A
  • Run down/derelict
  • Terraced houses
  • Densely populated
  • Multicultural
  • Disrepair/poorly maintained
  • No green space
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11
Q

Where is Lympstone located

A

The east bank of the River Exe estuary, 15km south of Exeter

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12
Q

What are the physical characteristics of Lympstone

A
  • In a small valley cut by Wootton Brook through the red breccia cliffs (edge of the estuary)
  • Tidal mudflats extend into the 1.5km wide estuary
  • Small pebble/gravel beach at the foot of the cliff
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13
Q

What is the demographic of Lympstone

A
  • Top-heavy structure
  • Ethnically homogeneous, due to lack of immigrant employment in the ’60s/’70s
  • 98.9% white
  • Smaller working population
  • Population between 16 and 64 is 24.6 per square hectare
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14
Q

What are the socio-economic characteristics of Lympstone

A
  • 66.1% owner-occupiers
  • 12.7% no access to a car/van
  • 4.1% with bad health
  • 27.2% 16+ with no formal qualifications
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15
Q

What are the cultural characteristics of Lympstone

A

-Rhythm of the cultural year unchanged: based on Christian holidays

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16
Q

What are the political characteristics of Lympstone

A
  • Parish council: 11 elected people, focuses on local matters
  • District and county council sit above this (limiting parish council power)
  • Elects 2 district councillors and 1 county councillor
  • Part of an electorate of 72,000
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17
Q

What are the similarities between Toxteth and Lympstone

A
  • Both situated by rivers

- Electorate of roughly the same size

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18
Q

Visually, how could Lympstone be described

A
  • Calm
  • Charming
  • Seaside
  • Picturesque
  • Relaxed
  • Rural
  • Desirable
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19
Q

What was Toxteth like when it was established

A
  • Established by the Saxons

- Domesday survey (1086) lists it as a coastal village

20
Q

What was Toxteth like in the 13th century

A
  • Taken into control by King John

- Used for royal hunting (stayed fenced of for 300 years)

21
Q

What was Toxteth like in the 16th century

A

-Opened up for farming later in the century

22
Q

What was Toxteth like during the industrial revolution (1700s/1800s)

A
  • Major port
  • Many industries
  • Urban and industrial, with forges, copper works and ceramics factory
  • Flour milling and brewing to feed rapidly growing population
  • Residential developments
  • Commuters from the service sector and managerial jobs
23
Q

What was Toxteth like during the 19th century

A
  • Areas behind villas used for cheap, poorly built housing
  • Typhoid and cholera frequent
  • Terraced housing for dock and industry workers
  • Over 150 years it changed from a small rural community to an inner city suburb
24
Q

When were the Toxteth riots

A

3 July 1981

25
What were the Toxteth riots
- Worst social disorder in the last century - Up to 1,000 police injured - 140 buildings destroyed - Due to social deprivation, lack of work and being pushed around - High unemployment and gangs
26
What was Lympstone like when it was established
- Established by the Saxons | - Transferred to French families post-Norman conquest
27
What was Lympstone like in the 13th century
- One of several small ports under Exeter | - Coastal and cross-channel trade links
28
What was Lympstone like in the 19th century
- Shipbuilding thrived, but ceased as ships became larger - Estuary used for fishing and shellfish industry - Boats in the North Atlantic
29
What was Lympstone like in the 1840s
- Attracted tourists from Exeter/East Devon | - Expanded to accommodate tourists, but remained a small village
30
What was Lympstone like in 1861
- Railway improved its connectivity - Time-space compression gave a wider market to the shellfish industry - Travel to Exeter easier
31
What was Lympstone like in the 20th century
- Dormitory settlement for Exeter | - Retains a strong sense of community
32
What can old maps of Toxteth tell us about the history of this area
- Thriving port with lots of industry/employment (stark contrast to today) - Dock workers living in Toxteth - Densely populated, with terraced housing (cheap and poorly constructed) - Became an inner-city suburb - Back to back housing (led to epidemics)
33
What can old maps of Lympstone tell us about the history of this area
- Railway/railway links (aided shellfish industry, connected to Exeter) - Coastline (tourism and fishing) - Estuary (shellfish industry) - Less developed infrastructure - Small village (strong community identity)
34
How is the built environment of Lympstone different to that of Toxteth
Lympstone is largerly semi-detached and detached, while Toxteth is mostly terraced with many derelict buildings
35
How do shifting flows shape a place
- changes to the people living in a place change its profile - migration can change the demography - stages in lifestyle influences where people live - in AC's there has been an increase in mobility, car ownership and improvements in transport
36
How do resources shape a place
- places posses different natural resources which help to shape its place profile - the local availability of mineral resources can lead to the establishment of a community focused on mining - if the resource runs out, the place undergoes change - increasingly, technology is a resource which influences place profile - if a place gains a new resource, development can occur
37
How does money and investment shape a place
- places require money to funtion - governments are an important source of investment - TNCs operate internationally - changes can be brought when a TNC invests/leave a country - the opening/closing of a shop can have an impact on a place profile
38
How do ideas shape a place
- the service sector is having an increasing role in people's life - places that can participate fully in the knowledge economy develop a distinctive place profile
39
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Toxteth's change in local employment
- 2015 survey showed a lack of skilled workers (need for socio-economic change) - Unemployment and poverty led to the 1981 Toxteth riots - Containerisation and migration of docks northwards and to the river mouth caused high unemployment
40
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Toxteth's global redevelopment
- EU funding in the form of the Structural Investments Fund Strategy, linked to the low carbon sector: the largest offshore wind farm is in Liverpool Bay - In 2008 Liverpool was the European Capital of Culture (tertiary employment) - The waterfront is a UNESCO world heritage site (employment)
41
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Toxteth's regional redevelopment
- Liverpool Science Park (2003) - The Tate Liverpool (1988) (tertiary employment) - Merseyside Development Corporation of the 1980s regenerated former docks - SInce the 1980s, many initiatives have attempted to rebrand Toxteth
42
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Lympstone's local employment
- Part of the flow into the Exeter region - Growing significance of the knowledge economy, with over 1/3 employed residents being managers, directors, senior officials or in professional occupations
43
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Lympstone's national redevelopment
- University with around 3,000 staff - Major hospital - HQ of many firms in service and tech
44
What evidence is there of shifting flows of resources and ideas in Lympstone's regional redevelopment
- Strong economic stimulus (knowledge based jobs) | - The Met office moved from Reading to Exeter in 2003 (largest move of IT equipment at the time)
45
What are the differences between Toxteth and Lympstone
- Toxtheth is significantly more urban - Lympstone has a much older and less diverse population - Lympstone's population is generally wealthier, healthier and better educated