3B Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Flashcards
sexual reproduction (3)
- the production of a new individual resulting from the joining (fusion) of two specialized cells known as gametes.
- produces individuals that are not genetically the same as either of their parents, but contain genetic information from both
- occurs when two haploid nuclei fuse to form a new diploid cell called a zygote
what is the great advantage of sexual reproduction? (2)
- increases genetic variation because gametes from two different individuals are fused together
- in a changing environment, this gives a greater chance that one or more of the offspring will have a combination of genes that improves their chance of surviving and reproducing
diploid (2n)
a cell with a nucleus containing two full sets of chromosomes
haploid (n)
a cell with a nucleus containing one complete set of chromosomes
zygote
the cell formed when two haploid gametes fuse at fertilization
male types of tissue and whether they are diploid or haploid (3)
body tissue = diploid
testis tissue = diploid
sperm in testis = haploid
female types of tissue and whether they are diploid or haploid (4)
body cells = diploid
ovary tissue = diploid
ovum in ovary = haploid
zygote tissue = diploid
gonads
the sex organs in animals
ovaries (2)
- the female sex organ in both animals and plants
- they produce the female gametes called ovules in plants and ova in animals
anthers
male sex organs in plants that produce the male gametes contained in the pollen
ovules (2)
- the haploid female gametes in plants
- made in the ovaries
pollen
the spore which contains the haploid male gametes of plants
testes
the male sex organs in animals that produce the male gametes (sperm or spermatoza)
ova
the haploid female gametes in animals (singular=ovum)
sperm/spermatoza (2)
- the haploid male gametes in animals
- usually much smaller than the female gametes, but produced in larger quantities