3B APUSH VOCAB Flashcards
Republican motherhood
A view of womanhood after the American Revolution that stressed the importance of women in raising children with republican virtues such as patriotism and honor.
Mercy Otis Warren
Massachusetts playwright, poet, and historian who wrote some of the most popular and effective propaganda for the American cause during the American Revolution. In 1805, she published the first history of the American Revolution.
Abigail Adams
Wife of revolutionary leader John Adams who advised him to “remember the ladies” when the nation’s leaders spoke of liberty and equality
French Revolution, 1789
Period of radical social and political change throughout Europe that began with an uprising against the king of France.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791 which led to the creation of the independent republic of Haiti in 1804.
Latin American Wars of Independence
Revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that resulted in the creation of independent nations throughout Latin America
Articles of Confederation, 1781-1789
First constitution of the United States. Created a national government with limited powers.
Tariff and currency disputes under the Articles of Confederation
Control of taxation and tariffs was left to the states, and each state could issue its own currency. In disputes between states Congress served as mediator and judge, but could not require a state to accept its decisions.
Shays’ Rebellion, 1786-1787
Rebellion of debtor farmers in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays. After the rebellion was crushed by the Massachusetts state militia, many prominent American leaders called for a strengthening of the national government to prevent such rebellions in the future.
Constitutional Convention, 1787
The convention to write a new constitution for the United States which met from May through September in 1787.
Great Compromise
Agreement at the Constitutional Convention by which Congress would have two houses — the Senate (where each state would get the equal representation of two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation would be based on population).
Anti-Federalists
those who opposed ratification of the new Constitution. One of their major objections was the lack of a bill of rights.
Federalist Papers, 1787-1788
85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the Creation of a New Government, 1788-1789
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1788, led to the creation of a new national government on March 4, 1789. The Constitution created a republican form of government within a federal system, limited by a separation of powers.
George Washington
first President of the U.S. He established the cabinet system and the tradition of only serving two terms.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Law establishing the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts. President Washington appointed John Jay as the first chief justice of the United States.
Bill of Rights, 1791
During the ratification process for the U.S. Constitution, demands for greater guarantees of rights resulted in a promise for the addition of a Bill of Rights to the new Constitution. A Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution by 1791
John Adams
Former Revolutionary leader, he was Vice-President in the Washington Administration. A leader of the Federalist Party, he was elected president in 1796.
Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan
First Secretary of the Treasury who funded the national debt through excise taxes (especially one on whiskey), tariffs, and the sale of western land. As Secretary of Treasury he also used the power of the national government to assume state debts and create a Bank of the United States.
First Bank of the United States, 1791
Privately-owned bank that operated as both a commercial bank and fiscal agent for the U.S. government. Based in Philadelphia, the bank was granted a 20-year charter in 1791 by the U.S. Congress.
Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
A protest by grain farmers in western Pennsylvania against the federal tax on whiskey. Militia forces, led by President Washington, ended the uprising.
Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Laws passed by the U.S. Congress that prevented immigrants from participating in politics and to silence those who criticized the Federalist Party and the U.S. government.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798
Statements authored secretly by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Resolutions asserted the right of states to veto federal legislation.
Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793
Without using the word “neutrality,” Washington proclaimed the U.S. would give no military support to the French in their war against Britain. At the time, the U.S. had a treaty of alliance with France. Washington did not formally repudiate that alliance
Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795
Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that defined the boundaries between the U.S. and Spanish colonies and granted the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
Jay’s Treaty, 1795
Treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain that ensured American neutrality in the British-French war.
XYZ Affair, 1797
American envoys to France were told that the U.S. would need to loan France money and bribe government officials as a precondition for meeting with French officials. This led to a “Quasi-War” between the U.S. and France that lasted until 1800.
Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796
President Washington warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign alliances.
Federalist Party
Political party associated with Alexander Hamilton. Federalists supported Britain in its war against France. (Domestically, Federalists supported a strong federal government, a loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, a Bank of the United States, and revenue tariffs.)
Democratic-Republican Party
Political party associated with Thomas Jefferson. Democratic-Republicans supported France in its war against Britain. (Domestically, Federalists supported states’ rights and a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. They were opposed to a Bank of the United States and revenue tariffs.)
Thomas Jefferson
Chief author of the Declaration of Independence, U.S. minister to France after the Revolution, second vice-president, and third president of the United States. Leader of the Democratic-Party, he favored a nation of yeoman (small) farmers, states’ rights, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
James Madison
Virginia planter, political theorist, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and co-author of the Federalist Papers. His work in creating the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights has earned him the title “father of the Constitution.” He was also a leader in the Democratic-Republican Party.
Alexander Hamilton
Leader of the Federalist Party, he favored a strong national government and a strong national economy. He favored a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution.
Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law, 1780
Law that made Pennsylvania the first state to abolish slavery. The law provided that no child born after the date of its passage would be a slave.
Iroquois Confederation
A league of five (later six) Iroquois nations that was a powerful force influencing French, Dutch, and British policy in the northeastern colonies for over 200 years.
Chief Little Turtle
Indian chief who formed the Western Confederation in the Northwest Territories and led his followers to many victories against U.S. forces in the 1790s. His forces were defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, which led to the signing of the Treaty of Greenville.
Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
Kentucky riflemen defeated several Indian tribes, bringing an end to Indian resistance in the Northwest.
Treaty of Greenville, 1795
The U.S. agreed to pay northwestern Indians for the land that later became the state of Ohio.
Northwest Ordinances
As settlers moved westward the 1780s, Congress (under the AOC) enacted the Northwest Ordinance for admitting new states and sought to promote public education, the protection of private property, and the restriction of slavery in the Northwest Territory
John Trumball, Jr
governor of Connecticut who refused to join the British and supplied Washington’s troops with supplies.
John Peter Muhlenberg
minister who used his role in the church to help recruit men for the colonial army. His group was called the Black Regiment,
John Hancock
president of the Second Continental Congress who signature was the first (and largest) on the DOI. His name became 2nd only to Washington’s as a symbol of freedom and independence.
Dr. Benjamin Rush
is sometimes known as the ‘Father of American Medicine’. He supported educating women and helped fund an African-American church.
Charles Carroll
a wealthy businessman, he helped support the Revolution with his own money. He also supported Catholics, that freedom of religion thing.
Dr. John Witherspoon
a church minister supported independence, he was quoted as saying; “America was not only ripe for independence, it was in danger of rotting for want of it.”
John Jay
was a member of the Continental Congress that created the Constitution. .Jay helped negotiate the ‘Treaty of Paris’ ending the American Revolution. One of the authors of the ‘Federalist Papers’ used to convince Americans to support the Constitution. Later, he served as the 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
E Pluribus Unum
Latin for ‘out of many, one’ was the motto adopted for the Great Seal of the United States in 1782.
