3b

Question 1

How does waste affect water?

Answer 1

Sewage and toxic chemicals from industry can pollute lakes, rivers and oceans, affecting the plants and animals that rely on them for survival. And the chemicals used on land can be washed into water

Question 2

How does waste affect land?

Answer 2

Toxic chemicals are used for farming. Also bury nuclear waste underground, and dump a lot of household waste in landfill sites

Question 3

How does waste affect air?

Answer 3

Smoke and gases released into the atmosphere can pollute the air e.g sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain

Question 4

What are the four main human activities that reduce the amount of land and resources available to other animals and plants?

Answer 4

Building, farming, dumping waste, quarrying for metal ores

Question 5

Give three examples of where co2 can be sequestered in natural stores

Answer 5

Oceans, lakes, ponds & green plants as carbon compounds & peat bogs

Question 6

What are the gases in the atmosphere that help to keep the heat in called?

Answer 6

Greenhouse gases

Question 7

How do the gases in the atmosphere act like an insulating layer?

Answer 7

They absorb most of the heat that would normally be radiated out into space and re-radiate it in all directions

Question 8

Give three reasons why deforestation happens

Answer 8

To provide timber to use as building material, clear more land for farming, produce paper from wood

Question 9

What are the four main problems deforestation?

Answer 9

Puts more methane into the atmosphere, more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, less carbon dioxide taken in, less biodiversity

Question 10

How does deforestation cause more methane in the atmosphere?

Answer 10

Decomposers produce methane, cattle produce methane (space for farming)

Question 11

How does deforestation cause more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Answer 11

Released when the trees are burnt to clear land, microorganisms feeding on dead wood release carbon dioxide from respiration

Question 12

How does deforestation cause less carbon dioxide to be taken in?

Answer 12

Cutting down loads of trees means that the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis is reduced

Question 13

How does deforestation cause less biodiversity?

Answer 13

Destroys habitats, food

Question 14

What is biodiversity?

Answer 14

The variety of different species in a habitat

Question 15

What are the consequences of global warming?

Answer 15

Sea levels rise, changed weather patterns (more extreme weather), biodiversity reduced, changes in migration patterns

Question 16

Why do sea levels rise due to global warming?

Answer 16

As sea gets warmer it expands, higher temperatures make the ice melt

Question 17

Why does global warming affect weather patterns?

Answer 17

Hurricanes (water warmer than 27c), cloud formation, water vapour

Question 18

What is fermentation?

Answer 18

When bacteria or yeast break sugars down by anaerobic respiration

Question 19

How is ethanol made?

Answer 19

The anaerobic fermentation of sugar

Question 20

What is the word equation for the break down of glucose by anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Glucose-> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 21

What is biogas made out of?

Answer 21

70% methane 30% carbon dioxide

Question 22

How is biogas made (short)?

Answer 22

Anaerobic fermentation of waste material

Question 23

How is biogas made (long)?

Answer 23

Different microorganisms used to ferment plant and animal waste which contains carbohydrates in a digester/ generator

Question 24

What are the two types of biogas generators?

Answer 24

Batch and continuous generators

Question 25

What happens in a batch generator?

Answer 25

Manually loaded with waste, left to digest, byproducts cleared away at the end of each session, makes biogas in small batches

Question 26

What happens in a continuous generator?

Answer 26

Waste is continually fed in and biogas is produced at a steady rate, more suited for large-scale because make biogas all the time

Question 27

What 3 things does a batch generator need?

Answer 27

Inlet for waste material, outlet for digested material, outlet for biogas to be piped out

Question 28

What four factors do you need to consider when designing a generator?

Answer 28

Cost, convenience, efficiency, position

Question 29

Name 3 advantages of biofuels

Answer 29

Carbon neutral, no acid rain, methane not released

Question 30

How can the efficiency of food production be improved?

Answer 30

Reducing the number of stages in the food chain, restricting the energy lost by farm animals, developing new food sources like mycoprotein

Question 31

What doe mycoprotein mean?

Answer 31

Protein from fungi

Question 32

Why is the main source of mycoprotein?

Answer 32

Fusarium

Question 33

How is the fungus grown?

Answer 33

In fermenters, using glucose syrup as food. Glucose syrup obtained by digesting maize starch with enzymes. Fungus respires aerobically, oxygen supplied with nitrogen and other minerals, everything sterilised before coming in- mycoprotein is then harvested and purified

Question 34

How can fish stocks be maintained (conserved)?

Answer 34

Fishing quotas, net size