3b

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life, nothing smaller considered alive

Question 2

Organelle

Answer 2

Microscopic structures within cells that carry out individual functions

Question 3

Inclusion

Answer 3

Any visible object in the cytoplasm of cell, other than organelles or cytoskeleton elements, usually foreign bodies, stored cell product (viruses, dust, lipid, glycogen or pigment)

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

The membrane that encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules coming in and out

Question 5

Microvilli

Answer 5

Outgrowth of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell and functions in the absorption and sensory processes

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

A hairlike process w/axoneme, projecting from the apical surface of an epithelial cell; moves stuff across epithelium, mobile and non mobile, sensory

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

A cell organelle containing DNA, surrounded by a double membrane

Question 8

Nuclear envelope

Answer 8

Double membrane around nucleus

Question 9

Nuclear pores

Answer 9

Ring of proteins that perforate the nuclear complex

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

Extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules and channels, has ribosomes

Question 11

Smooth ER

Answer 11

Extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules or channels, no ribosomes present

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Granule found free or in rough ER or nuclear envelope, composed of rRNA and enzymes that read nucleotide sequence of mRNA and assemble amino acids to make a protein

Question 13

Golgi complex or apparatus

Answer 13

Composed of several parallel cisterns, like a stack of saucers,
Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins and synthesized carbohydrates

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Destroys bacteria by digestion their cell walls

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

Use molecular oxygen to oxidize organic molecules

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Organelle specialized to synthesize ATP enclosed in a double unit membrane with infoldings of the inner membrane called cristae

Question 17

Centrioles

Answer 17

An organelle composed of a short cylinder of 9 triplets of micro tubules, usually paired with another centriole perpendicular to it, origin of mitosis spindle, identical to basal body of a cilium or flagellum

Question 18

Cytosol

Answer 18

A clear, featureless, gelatinous, colloid where the organelles and other internal structures of a cell are embedded

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

Consisting of cytosol, organelles, inclusions, and the cytoskeleton

Question 20

Chromatin

Answer 20

Filamentous material in the interphase nucleus, composed of DNA and associated proteins

Question 21

Chromosome

Answer 21

A complex of DNA and protein carrying the genetic material of a cells nucleus, normally 46 chromosomes in nucleus
23 pairs, 46 unpaired

Question 22

What happens during interphase

Answer 22

G1 Cell synthesizes proteins, grows and carries out preordained tasks for the body
S cell makes duplicate copy of its centrioles and nuclear DNA
G2 cell grows more, makes more organelles, finishes centriole replication, synthesizes enzymes that control cell division , checks copied DNA and repairs errors

Question 23

Mitosis

Answer 23

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 24

Interphase

Answer 24

Normal cell, no dark dna in nucleus

Question 25

Prophase

Answer 25

Dark strands in nucleus, spaghetti

Question 26

Metaphase

Answer 26

Chromatin lined up in center of cell

Question 27

Anaphase

Answer 27

Chromatin being pulled apart by centrioles

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

Further apart than anaphase

Question 29

Cytokinesis

Answer 29

Cleavage furrow present, cell splits