3A Synaptic and Junction Transmission Ch.46 Central Nervous System Synapses section (Guyton and Hall) Flashcards

1
Q

two major types of synapses

A

chemical and electrical

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2
Q

utilizes neurotransmitters

A

chemical

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3
Q

utilizes gap junctions

A

electrical

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4
Q

one important characteristic of the chemical synapses that makes them highly desirable for transmitting nervous signals

A

transmits signal in ONE DIRECTION

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5
Q

neuron that transmits the neurotransmitter

A

presynaptic neuron

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6
Q

neuron on which the transmitter acts

A

postsynaptic neuron

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7
Q

phenomenon in chemical synapses that transmits signals in one direction only

A

PRINCIPLE OF ONE-WAY CONDUCTION

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8
Q

the membrane of presynaptic terminal contains large numbers of what channel

A

voltage-gated calcium channels

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9
Q

relationship between the quantity of neurotransmitter that is released from the terminal to the number of calcium ions that enter

A

DIRECTLY RELATED OR DIRECTLY-PROPORTIONAL

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10
Q

neurotransmitter receptors that directly gate ion channels

A

ionotropic receptors

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11
Q

receptors that act through second messenger systems

A

metabotropic receptors

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12
Q

ion channel that mostly allow sodium ions to pass

A

cation channel

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13
Q

mainly allow chloride ions to pass

A

anion channel

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14
Q

neurotransmitter that opens cation channels (excites neuron)

A

excitatory transmitter

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15
Q

neurotransmitter that opens anion channels (inhibits neuron)

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

prolonged postsynaptic neuronal excitation or inhibition is achieved by what chemical system

A

second messengers

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17
Q

most common second messenger type

A

utilizes G proteins

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18
Q

space where neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic terminal and binds to the receptors in the postsynaptic neuron

A

synaptic cleft

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19
Q

keeps inactivity of the g protein

A

GDP attached to the alpha subunit

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20
Q

synapse in which the action potential from presynaptic neuron will also induce the action potential in the postsynaptic neuron

A

one to one synapse

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21
Q

give an example of a one to many synapse

A

Renshaw cell (an inhibitor interneuron found in the gray matter of the spinal cord

22
Q

occurs when one action potential in the presynaptic cell is not enough to make postsynaptic terminal fire an action potential

A

many to one synapse

23
Q

organ that uses many to one synapse mechanism

A

brain (formation of the intermediate memory)

24
Q

impulses travel from the junction of one neuron to another. this junction is called?

25
a plaque like structure composed of intramembrane protein particles with six subunits around central channel
gap junctions
26
this synapse is usually seen in reflex pathways, wherein there is a need for rapid transmission of signals
electrical synapse
27
retinal adaptation in a dark place Electrical or chemical?
electrical synapse
28
entire hexagonal unit of a gap junction
connexon
29
each subunit of a connexon
connexin
30
2 important components of RECEPTOR PROTEIN
1. binding component | 2. intracellular component
31
directly gating ion channels
ionotropic receptors
32
second messengers
metabotropic receptors
33
ligand-gated ion channel
ionotropic
34
allows passage of ions through the membrane
ionotropic
35
FAST synaptic potentials produced
ionotropic
36
two types of inotropic receptor
cation and anion channels
37
allows passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium
cation channels
38
lined with negative charges that attract the positively charged na ions into the channel
cation channel
39
opened by EXCITATORY neurotransmitters
Cation channels
40
Na, K, Ca cations are blocked since their hydrated ions are too large to pass
anion channels
41
opened by INHIBITORY neurotransmitters
anion channels
42
activates secondary messengers via G protein
metabotropic receptors
43
prolonged effect in the euron even after the inital neurotransmitter is gone
metabotropic
44
common type of secondary messenger system
G Protein complex
45
inactive state of G Protein complex activity is consist of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) + what three components
Alpha, beta, and gamma
46
what is the activator portion of the G protein
alpha
47
what keeps the inactivity of protein
GDP attached to alpha subunit
48
NAQ possible effects of G protein activation is the activation of gene transcription
ok
49
a model that can be used to describe the process of chemical transmission
neuromuscular junction
50
a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction
51
mechanism of neuromuscular junction
page 4 of trans
52
formed from the condensation of acetylcoa and choline via the enzyme choline acetyltransferase
acetylcholine