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Physiology (KC) > 3A Synaptic and Junction Transmission Ch.46 Central Nervous System Synapses section (Guyton and Hall) > Flashcards

3A Synaptic and Junction Transmission Ch.46 Central Nervous System Synapses section (Guyton and Hall) Flashcards

1
Q

two major types of synapses

A

chemical and electrical

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2
Q

utilizes neurotransmitters

A

chemical

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3
Q

utilizes gap junctions

A

electrical

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4
Q

one important characteristic of the chemical synapses that makes them highly desirable for transmitting nervous signals

A

transmits signal in ONE DIRECTION

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5
Q

neuron that transmits the neurotransmitter

A

presynaptic neuron

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6
Q

neuron on which the transmitter acts

A

postsynaptic neuron

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7
Q

phenomenon in chemical synapses that transmits signals in one direction only

A

PRINCIPLE OF ONE-WAY CONDUCTION

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8
Q

the membrane of presynaptic terminal contains large numbers of what channel

A

voltage-gated calcium channels

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9
Q

relationship between the quantity of neurotransmitter that is released from the terminal to the number of calcium ions that enter

A

DIRECTLY RELATED OR DIRECTLY-PROPORTIONAL

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10
Q

neurotransmitter receptors that directly gate ion channels

A

ionotropic receptors

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11
Q

receptors that act through second messenger systems

A

metabotropic receptors

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12
Q

ion channel that mostly allow sodium ions to pass

A

cation channel

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13
Q

mainly allow chloride ions to pass

A

anion channel

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14
Q

neurotransmitter that opens cation channels (excites neuron)

A

excitatory transmitter

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15
Q

neurotransmitter that opens anion channels (inhibits neuron)

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

prolonged postsynaptic neuronal excitation or inhibition is achieved by what chemical system

A

second messengers

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17
Q

most common second messenger type

A

utilizes G proteins

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18
Q

space where neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic terminal and binds to the receptors in the postsynaptic neuron

A

synaptic cleft

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19
Q

keeps inactivity of the g protein

A

GDP attached to the alpha subunit

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20
Q

synapse in which the action potential from presynaptic neuron will also induce the action potential in the postsynaptic neuron

A

one to one synapse

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21
Q

give an example of a one to many synapse

A

Renshaw cell (an inhibitor interneuron found in the gray matter of the spinal cord

22
Q

occurs when one action potential in the presynaptic cell is not enough to make postsynaptic terminal fire an action potential

A

many to one synapse

23
Q

organ that uses many to one synapse mechanism

A

brain (formation of the intermediate memory)

24
Q

impulses travel from the junction of one neuron to another. this junction is called?

A

synapse

25
Q

a plaque like structure composed of intramembrane protein particles with six subunits around central channel

A

gap junctions

26
Q

this synapse is usually seen in reflex pathways, wherein there is a need for rapid transmission of signals

A

electrical synapse

27
Q

retinal adaptation in a dark place

Electrical or chemical?

A

electrical synapse

28
Q

entire hexagonal unit of a gap junction

A

connexon

29
Q

each subunit of a connexon

A

connexin

30
Q

2 important components of RECEPTOR PROTEIN

A
  1. binding component

2. intracellular component

31
Q

directly gating ion channels

A

ionotropic receptors

32
Q

second messengers

A

metabotropic receptors

33
Q

ligand-gated ion channel

A

ionotropic

34
Q

allows passage of ions through the membrane

A

ionotropic

35
Q

FAST synaptic potentials produced

A

ionotropic

36
Q

two types of inotropic receptor

A

cation and anion channels

37
Q

allows passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium

A

cation channels

38
Q

lined with negative charges that attract the positively charged na ions into the channel

A

cation channel

39
Q

opened by EXCITATORY neurotransmitters

A

Cation channels

40
Q

Na, K, Ca cations are blocked since their hydrated ions are too large to pass

A

anion channels

41
Q

opened by INHIBITORY neurotransmitters

A

anion channels

42
Q

activates secondary messengers via G protein

A

metabotropic receptors

43
Q

prolonged effect in the euron even after the inital neurotransmitter is gone

A

metabotropic

44
Q

common type of secondary messenger system

A

G Protein complex

45
Q

inactive state of G Protein complex activity is consist of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) + what three components

A

Alpha, beta, and gamma

46
Q

what is the activator portion of the G protein

A

alpha

47
Q

what keeps the inactivity of protein

A

GDP attached to alpha subunit

48
Q

NAQ

possible effects of G protein activation is the activation of gene transcription

A

ok

49
Q

a model that can be used to describe the process of chemical transmission

A

neuromuscular junction

50
Q

a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction

51
Q

mechanism of neuromuscular junction

A

page 4 of trans

52
Q

formed from the condensation of acetylcoa and choline via the enzyme choline acetyltransferase

A

acetylcholine

Physiology (KC) (3 decks)

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