3A Synaptic and Junction Transmission Ch.46 Central Nervous System Synapses section (Guyton and Hall)

Question 1

two major types of synapses

Answer 1

chemical and electrical

Question 2

utilizes neurotransmitters

Answer 2

chemical

Question 3

utilizes gap junctions

Answer 3

electrical

Question 4

one important characteristic of the chemical synapses that makes them highly desirable for transmitting nervous signals

Answer 4

transmits signal in ONE DIRECTION

Question 5

neuron that transmits the neurotransmitter

Answer 5

presynaptic neuron

Question 6

neuron on which the transmitter acts

Answer 6

postsynaptic neuron

Question 7

phenomenon in chemical synapses that transmits signals in one direction only

Answer 7

PRINCIPLE OF ONE-WAY CONDUCTION

Question 8

the membrane of presynaptic terminal contains large numbers of what channel

Answer 8

voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 9

relationship between the quantity of neurotransmitter that is released from the terminal to the number of calcium ions that enter

Answer 9

DIRECTLY RELATED OR DIRECTLY-PROPORTIONAL

Question 10

neurotransmitter receptors that directly gate ion channels

Answer 10

ionotropic receptors

Question 11

receptors that act through second messenger systems

Answer 11

metabotropic receptors

Question 12

ion channel that mostly allow sodium ions to pass

Answer 12

cation channel

Question 13

mainly allow chloride ions to pass

Answer 13

anion channel

Question 14

neurotransmitter that opens cation channels (excites neuron)

Answer 14

excitatory transmitter

Question 15

neurotransmitter that opens anion channels (inhibits neuron)

Answer 15

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 16

prolonged postsynaptic neuronal excitation or inhibition is achieved by what chemical system

Answer 16

second messengers

Question 17

most common second messenger type

Answer 17

utilizes G proteins

Question 18

space where neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic terminal and binds to the receptors in the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 18

synaptic cleft

Question 19

keeps inactivity of the g protein

Answer 19

GDP attached to the alpha subunit

Question 20

synapse in which the action potential from presynaptic neuron will also induce the action potential in the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 20

one to one synapse

Question 21

give an example of a one to many synapse

Answer 21

Renshaw cell (an inhibitor interneuron found in the gray matter of the spinal cord

Question 22

occurs when one action potential in the presynaptic cell is not enough to make postsynaptic terminal fire an action potential

Answer 22

many to one synapse

Question 23

organ that uses many to one synapse mechanism

Answer 23

brain (formation of the intermediate memory)

Question 24

impulses travel from the junction of one neuron to another. this junction is called?

Answer 24

synapse

Question 25

a plaque like structure composed of intramembrane protein particles with six subunits around central channel

Answer 25

gap junctions

Question 26

this synapse is usually seen in reflex pathways, wherein there is a need for rapid transmission of signals

Answer 26

electrical synapse

Question 27

retinal adaptation in a dark place Electrical or chemical?

Answer 27

electrical synapse

Question 28

entire hexagonal unit of a gap junction

Answer 28

connexon

Question 29

each subunit of a connexon

Answer 29

connexin

Question 30

2 important components of RECEPTOR PROTEIN

Answer 30

1. binding component | 2. intracellular component

Question 31

directly gating ion channels

Answer 31

ionotropic receptors

Question 32

second messengers

Answer 32

metabotropic receptors

Question 33

ligand-gated ion channel

Answer 33

ionotropic

Question 34

allows passage of ions through the membrane

Answer 34

ionotropic

Question 35

FAST synaptic potentials produced

Answer 35

ionotropic

Question 36

two types of inotropic receptor

Answer 36

cation and anion channels

Question 37

allows passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium

Answer 37

cation channels

Question 38

lined with negative charges that attract the positively charged na ions into the channel

Answer 38

cation channel

Question 39

opened by EXCITATORY neurotransmitters

Answer 39

Cation channels

Question 40

Na, K, Ca cations are blocked since their hydrated ions are too large to pass

Answer 40

anion channels

Question 41

opened by INHIBITORY neurotransmitters

Answer 41

anion channels

Question 42

activates secondary messengers via G protein

Answer 42

metabotropic receptors

Question 43

prolonged effect in the euron even after the inital neurotransmitter is gone

Answer 43

metabotropic

Question 44

common type of secondary messenger system

Answer 44

G Protein complex

Question 45

inactive state of G Protein complex activity is consist of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) + what three components

Answer 45

Alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 46

what is the activator portion of the G protein

Answer 46

alpha

Question 47

what keeps the inactivity of protein

Answer 47

GDP attached to alpha subunit

Question 48

NAQ possible effects of G protein activation is the activation of gene transcription

Answer 48

ok

Question 49

a model that can be used to describe the process of chemical transmission

Answer 49

neuromuscular junction

Question 50

a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 50

neuromuscular junction

Question 51

mechanism of neuromuscular junction

Answer 51

page 4 of trans

Question 52

formed from the condensation of acetylcoa and choline via the enzyme choline acetyltransferase

Answer 52

acetylcholine