3a - HR Violations Cause + Consequence Of Conflict

Question 1

What is genocide

Answer 1

Deliberate killing of a particular group of people

Question 2

What is conflict

Answer 2

• disagreement or discord can be violent or not

Question 3

What are the 3 key timeline points escalating to syrias conflict

Answer 3

March 2011 = Pro-democracy marches due to unfair treatment by government
- Security forces open fire killing citizens

July 2011 = National protests demanding presidents resignation

2012 = violence escalates into civil war

Question 4

Is “discrimination + denial of freedom in an a democratic society “ a cause or consequence + how

Answer 4

Cause
- Syria is a single party state with no opposition
- laws in 2012 meant there could only be 1 representative for election + they had to be from the “Baath party”
- voting only in government areas in severe repression + many political prisoners held due to views against state

Question 5

Is “Genocide + torture” a cause or consequence + how

Answer 5

Cause
- protests often met with gunfire + mass arrest followed by torture of those detained
- The arrest + torture of teenagers in 2011 led to the protest that triggered the conflict

Question 6

Is “Censorship of media + oppressive government “ a cause or consequence + how

Answer 6

Cause
- Freedom of speech in press is restricted in practice
- journalists + citizens who go against government views are subject to torture, censorship + death = 3000 political prisoners

Question 7

Is “High death/mortality rate of military + citizens“ a cause or consequence + how

Answer 7

Consequence
- Loss of life = 2016- 400,000
- use of chemical weapons = government accused of using chlorine bombs despite international program to eliminate stockpile

Question 8

Is “Damage to Infrastructure + property “ a cause or consequence + how

Answer 8

Consequence
- cost of damage = 2015 - £230 billion most of which is damaged infrastructure
- 27% houses + 50% educational / medical facilities
- negative affect on Syrias future development

Question 9

Is “Exploitation of women + children “ a cause or consequence + how

Answer 9

Consequence
- Abuse of women = increasing sexual violence + rates of early marriage with displaced Syrians marrying off daughters to safeguard against rape or a response to economic pressure

• Forced labour/Trafficking = increasing forced prostitution + human trafficking
• Forced child soldiers in all fighting groups

Question 10

How can human rights be promoted + protected by Treaties + Laws- United Nations

Answer 10

UN office for high commissioner for Human rights prevents HR violations by securing respect for HR =
done by promoting cooperation + coordination on HR activities = countries adopt laws reflecting these choices

Question 11

How can human rights be promoted + protected by changing Norms - UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Answer 11

UNHCR employs representatives to promote ideas + values = attempt to modernise “norms” in society
- Technology such as media are used to push these ideas to influence change

Question 12

How can human rights be promoted + protected by NGOs

Answer 12

-NGOs raise awareness by publishing Human rights abuses

Question 13

How many people have died by 2016 of Syrian conflict

Answer 13

400,000

Question 14

What year was the shooting of protestors that caused the taking up of arms

Answer 14

2011

Question 15

What percentage of educational/health facilities have been destroyed in Syrian conflict

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What was the cost of damage in Syrian conflict 2016

Answer 16

£230 billion

Question 17

What laws occurred in 2012 that furthered the conflict

Answer 17

Laws passed that meant there could only be 1 representative for election + they had to be from the “Baath party” = family

Question 18

Why was there an increase In Forced marriage during Syrian conflict

Answer 18

Syrians marrying off daughters to safeguard against rape or a response to economic pressure

Question 19

United Nations

Answer 19

Intergovernmental Organisation promoting international cooperation

Question 20

What percentage of Syria’s ethnic population does the government represent

Answer 20

12%
underepresented

Question 21

in 2009 how many political prisoners were detained as a result of speaking out In Syria

Answer 21

3000

Question 22

How can the UN Security Council promote Human rights

Answer 22

Military Intervention

Question 23

Roles of :
1- people and money
2- Ideas
3- Technology
in geopolitical intervention

Answer 23

People and money - movement of money and people into areas needing intervention = for humanitarian aid and peacekeeping mission

Ideas - Education and training in key areas to influence change

Technology - Media to promote investment

Question 24

Give an example of when Humanitarian Intervention/Military use had a positive effect AND how many countries were involved

Answer 24

Libya 2011 =
cooperation of 17 countries led a military intervention following the bombing and starving of civilians under corrupt dictator

Forced take over