3a - HR Violations Cause + Consequence Of Conflict Flashcards
What is genocide
Deliberate killing of a particular group of people
What is conflict
- disagreement or discord can be violent or not
What are the 3 key timeline points escalating to syrias conflict
March 2011 = Pro-democracy marches due to unfair treatment by government
- Security forces open fire killing citizens
July 2011 = National protests demanding presidents resignation
2012 = violence escalates into civil war
Is “discrimination + denial of freedom in an a democratic society “ a cause or consequence + how
Cause
- Syria is a single party state with no opposition
- laws in 2012 meant there could only be 1 representative for election + they had to be from the “Baath party”
- voting only in government areas in severe repression + many political prisoners held due to views against state
Is “Genocide + torture” a cause or consequence + how
Cause
- protests often met with gunfire + mass arrest followed by torture of those detained
- The arrest + torture of teenagers in 2011 led to the protest that triggered the conflict
Is “Censorship of media + oppressive government “ a cause or consequence + how
Cause
- Freedom of speech in press is restricted in practice
- journalists + citizens who go against government views are subject to torture, censorship + death = 3000 political prisoners
Is “High death/mortality rate of military + citizens“ a cause or consequence + how
Consequence
- Loss of life = 2016- 400,000
- use of chemical weapons = government accused of using chlorine bombs despite international program to eliminate stockpile
Is “Damage to Infrastructure + property “ a cause or consequence + how
Consequence
- cost of damage = 2015 - £230 billion most of which is damaged infrastructure
- 27% houses + 50% educational / medical facilities
- negative affect on Syrias future development
Is “Exploitation of women + children “ a cause or consequence + how
Consequence
- Abuse of women = increasing sexual violence + rates of early marriage with displaced Syrians marrying off daughters to safeguard against rape or a response to economic pressure
- Forced labour/Trafficking = increasing forced prostitution + human trafficking
- Forced child soldiers in all fighting groups
How can human rights be promoted + protected by Treaties + Laws- United Nations
UN office for high commissioner for Human rights prevents HR violations by securing respect for HR =
done by promoting cooperation + coordination on HR activities = countries adopt laws reflecting these choices
How can human rights be promoted + protected by changing Norms - UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHCR employs representatives to promote ideas + values = attempt to modernise “norms” in society
- Technology such as media are used to push these ideas to influence change
How can human rights be promoted + protected by NGOs
-NGOs raise awareness by publishing Human rights abuses
How many people have died by 2016 of Syrian conflict
400,000
What year was the shooting of protestors that caused the taking up of arms
2011
What percentage of educational/health facilities have been destroyed in Syrian conflict
50%
What was the cost of damage in Syrian conflict 2016
£230 billion
What laws occurred in 2012 that furthered the conflict
Laws passed that meant there could only be 1 representative for election + they had to be from the “Baath party” = family
Why was there an increase In Forced marriage during Syrian conflict
Syrians marrying off daughters to safeguard against rape or a response to economic pressure
United Nations
Intergovernmental Organisation promoting international cooperation
What percentage of Syria’s ethnic population does the government represent
12%
underepresented
in 2009 how many political prisoners were detained as a result of speaking out In Syria
3000
How can the UN Security Council promote Human rights
Military Intervention
Roles of :
1- people and money
2- Ideas
3- Technology
in geopolitical intervention
People and money - movement of money and people into areas needing intervention = for humanitarian aid and peacekeeping mission
Ideas - Education and training in key areas to influence change
Technology - Media to promote investment
Give an example of when Humanitarian Intervention/Military use had a positive effect AND how many countries were involved
Libya 2011 =
cooperation of 17 countries led a military intervention following the bombing and starving of civilians under corrupt dictator
Forced take over
