1a+b- Variation In Human Rights + Factors Flashcards
What are human rights
Basics rights to which all human beings are entitled at all times in all places
What are human rights norms
Practices established by countries integrated into the culture as a “norm”/ normal
What is the universal declaration of human rights
International agreement on basic principles of human rights
contains 30 articles outlining basic rights + freedoms
eg: right to equality = article 1
What’s the difference between convention + declaration
Declaration = agreements that are not legally binding
Convention = agreement which is legally binding
What are geopolitics
Global Balance of political Power + International Relations
What is capital punishment
Government practice where a person is put to death as punishment of crime
What is maternal mortality
Death of women while pregnant or within 40 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to the pregnancy
What is forced labour
Situations where people are forced to work through use of violence or intimidation
-or by accumulation of debt, retention of identity papers or threats of denunciation (informing immigration authorities)
What is the current global distribution of forced labour
20 million victims globally of forced labour
30% is a result of crossing international borders
Happens In poorer countries = high rates in Africa + emerging economies “India”
What economic and social factors affect the distribution of forced labour
Economic =
- poverty + lack of opportunity/unemployment = migration + seeking work
- low wages
Social =
- gender inequality
- women + children exploited for sex work
Political factors affecting distribution of forced labour
- political instability
- conflict
- discrimination + prejudice
How many people died globally in 2013 of maternal mortality
300,000
died during or following pregnancy/ childbirth
- higher in rural areas
What are the economic + social factors influencing distribution of MMR ( maternal mortality rate)
Economic =
- access to treatment for pregnancy + birth complications
- quality of medical services
- poverty
Social =
- early marriage (forced marriage) can be a factor with body not able to carry kids yet
- cultural barriers
What are the political factors influencing distribution of MMR
Lack of political investment = especially in male dominated society’s eg: Saudi Arabia
How many countries in 2016 still have capital punishment
56
What are the economic +
Social factors affecting distribution of capital punishment
Economic =
- High cost of imprisonment compared to execution
Social
- influence of cultural norms within society = may be considered normal = more likely to be legal
What are the political factors affecting the distribution of capital punishment
- differences between countries for crimes they use it for = some countries only use CP in extreme cases
- influence of terrorism and anger of general public leading to reinstatement
- protest for violation of right to life
How many victims of forced labour are there globally
20 million
What percentage of all forced labour victims are a result of migration/moving across borders
30%
Where is MMR highest
Sub-Saharan Africa and Rural Areas
what Areas do less than 1% of MMR deaths occur at
North America, Australia and Europe
How many people were sentenced to death in 2013
2500
How can the general publics emotions affect Capital Punishment
Anger due to terrorism
Humanitarian Intervention
Use of Military Force in a foreign Territory to protect Human Rights
Role of United Nations Security Council
Only Body to Legally authorise use of Force and can have immediate benefits
Death + War = unintentional negative impacts
Why might numbers of Capital Punishment be higher than expected despite a 30% decline in executions since 2019
Many governments do not share information = North Korea
and secret executions in China
